{"NOAAStudyId":"13015","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-06-13","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-13015.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":769,"earliestYearCE":1181,"entryId":"noaa-lake-13015","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":"Contract 017008"},{"fundingAgency":"National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR)","fundingGrant":"NF-200021-106005/1 ‘ENLARGE’"}],"investigators":"Trachsel, M.; Grosjean, M.; Larocque-Tobler, I.; Schwikowski, M.; Blass, A.; Sturm, M.","mostRecentYearBP":5,"mostRecentYearCE":1945,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13015","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"High-resolution quantitative temperature records are needed for \r\nplacing the recent warming into the context of long-term natural \r\nclimate variability. In this study we present a quantitative \r\nhigh-resolution (9-year) summer (June-August) temperature \r\nreconstruction back to AD 1177 for the south-eastern Swiss Alps. \r\nThis region is a good predictor for summer temperatures in large \r\nparts of western and central Europe. Our reconstruction is based \r\non a combination of the high-frequency component of annually \r\nresolved biogenic silica (bSi flux) data and the low-frequency \r\ncomponent of decadal chironomid-inferred temperatures from annually \r\nlaminated well dated sediments (varves) from proglacial Lake Silvaplana, \r\neastern Swiss Alps.  For the calibration (period AD 1760-1949) we \r\nassess systematically the effects of six different regression methods \r\n(Type I regressions: Inverse Regression IR, Inverse Prediction IP, \r\nGeneralised Least Squares GLS; Type II regressions: Major Axis MA, \r\nRanged Major Axis RMA and Standard Major Axis SMA) with regard to \r\nthe predicted amplitude and the calibration statistics such as \r\nroot-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP), reduction of error (RE) \r\nand coefficient of efficiency (CE). We found a trade-off in the \r\nregression model choice between a good representation of the amplitude\r\nand good calibration statistics. The band-pass filtered bSi flux record \r\nis in close agreement both in the structure and the amplitude with two \r\nfully independent reconstructions spanning back to AD 1500 and AD 1177, \r\nrespectively. All known pulses of negative volcanic forcing are \r\nrepresented as cold anomalies in the bSi flux record. Volcanic pulses \r\ncombined with low solar activity (Spörer and Maunder Minimum) are seen \r\nas particularly cold episodes around AD 1460 and AD 1690. The combined \r\nchironomid and bSi flux temperature record (RMSEP = 0.57°C) is in good \r\nagreement with the glacier history of the Alps. The warmest (AD 1190) \r\nand coldest decades (17th century; 1680-1700) of our reconstruction \r\ncoincide with the largest anomalies in the Alpine tree-ring based \r\nreconstruction; both records show in the decadal variability an\r\namplitude of 2.8°C between AD 1180 and 1950, which is substantially \r\nhigher than the amplitude of hemispheric reconstructions. Our record \r\nsuggests that the current decade is slightly warmer than the\r\nwarmest decade in the pre-industrial time of the past 800 years. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Trachsel, M., M. Grosjean, I. Larocque-Tobler, M. Schwikowski, \r\nA. Blass, and M. Sturm. 2010. \r\nQuantitative summer temperature reconstruction derived from \r\na combined biogenic Si and chironomid record from varved sediments \r\nof Lake Silvaplana(south-eastern Swiss Alps) back to AD 1177. \r\nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 29, pp. 2719-2730. \r\ndoi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.026","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.026","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.026"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Quantitative summer temperature reconstruction derived from  a combined biogenic Si and chironomid record from varved sediments  of Lake Silvaplana(south-eastern Swiss Alps) back to AD 1177","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)","Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19885","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.45","9.8"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"9.8","maxElevationMeters":"1800","minElevationMeters":"1800","northernmostLatitude":"46.45","southernmostLatitude":"46.45","westernmostLongitude":"9.8"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Switzerland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22469","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>population abundance","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/silvaplana2010b.txt","linkText":"silvaplana2010b.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"9-100 year band pass filtered; based on chironomids and biogenic silica","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"9-100 year band pass filtered; anomalized with respect to 1961-1990 AD; based on chironomids and biogenic silica","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"9-100 year band pass filtered; anomalized with respect to 1961-1990 AD; based on chironomids and biogenic silica","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>population abundance","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/silvaplana2010b.xls","linkText":"silvaplana2010b.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Trachsel2010b","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1181,"earliestYearBP":769,"earliestYearCE":1181,"mostRecentYear":1945,"mostRecentYearBP":5,"mostRecentYearCE":1945,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Lake Silvaplana"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lake Silvaplana, Switzerland 765 Year Summer Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"765 year summer (JJA) temperature reconstruction for the Swiss Alps \nbased on biogenic silica and chironomids from Lake Silvaplana, Switzerland. \n\nLake Silvaplana, Switzerland: 46°27'N, 9°48'E, 1800m \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11057"}