{"NOAAStudyId":"13215","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-08-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-13215.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":9355,"earliestYearCE":-7405,"entryId":"noaa-lake-13215","funding":[],"investigators":"Kirby, M.E.; Zimmerman, S.R.H.; Patterson, W.P.; Rivera, J.J.","mostRecentYearBP":475,"mostRecentYearCE":1475,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13215","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A well-dated, 9170 calendar year before present (cal yr BP) \r\npaleohydrologic reconstruction is presented from Lower Bear Lake \r\nin the San Bernardino Mountains of the coastal southwest United \r\nStates. This new multi-proxy record is characterized by alternating \r\norganic-rich/carbonate-rich sediment units, interpreted to reflect \r\nhydrologically-forced changes in the lake's depositional environment. \r\nOur interpretation of the proxy data indicates nine decadal-to-multi-\r\ncentennial pluvial episodes (PE) over the past 9170 cal yr BP. \r\nOf these nine inferred pluvials, five are interpreted as more \r\npronounced based on their combined proxy interpretations: \r\n(PE-V) 9170?-8250, (PE-IV) 7000-6400, (PE-III) 3350-3000, \r\n(PE-II) 850-700, and (PE-I) 500-476 (top of core) cal yr BP. \r\nThe Lower Bear Lake record indicates that the San Bernardino Mountains, \r\nsource region for the Mojave River and its terminal playa, was wet \r\nduring the same periods (within dating errors), to several of the major \r\npluvials proposed from the lakes in the sink of the Mojave River. \r\nOur comparison extends north also to Tulare Lake, which drains the \r\nsouth-central western Sierra Nevada Mountains. This temporally \r\nand spatially coherent signal indicates that a similar climate forcing \r\nacted to increase regional wetness at various times during the past \r\n9170 cal yr BP. As originally proposed by Enzel, Ely, and colleagues \r\n(e.g., Enzel et al., 1989; Enzel, 1992; Ely et al., 1994; \r\nEnzel and Wells, 1997), we too contend that Holocene pluvial episodes \r\nare associated with changing the frequency of large winter storms \r\nthat track across a broad region at decadal-to-multicentennial \r\ntimescales. We build upon their hypothesis through the addition \r\nof new and better-dated site comparisons, recent advances in the \r\nunderstanding of atmospheric rivers, and improved knowledge of \r\nthe ocean-atmosphere dynamics that caused the early 20th century \r\nwestern United States pluvial.","author":null,"citation":"Kirby, M.E., S.R.H. Zimmerman, W.P. Patterson, and J.J. Rivera. 2012. \r\nA 9170-year record of decadal-to-multi-centennial scale pluvial episodes \r\nfrom the coastal Southwest United States: a role for atmospheric rivers?  \r\nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 46, 16 July 2012, pp. 57-65\r\ndoi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.05.008","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.05.008","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.05.008"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A 9170-year record of decadal-to-multi-centennial scale pluvial episodes  from the coastal Southwest United States: a role for atmospheric rivers?","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["hydrology"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53292","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["34.254","-116.914"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-116.914","maxElevationMeters":"2059","minElevationMeters":"2059","northernmostLatitude":"34.254","southernmostLatitude":"34.254","westernmostLongitude":"-116.914"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>California","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22689","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>magnetic susceptibility","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/california/lowerbear2012.txt","linkText":"lowerbear2012.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"x10-7 units","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"magnetic susceptibility measurement with single sample sensor","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"cubic meter per kilogram","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic moments>magnetic susceptibility>mass magnetic susceptibility"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"550 degrees C","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"loss on ignition","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"950 degrees C","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"loss on ignition","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per gram","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>gastropod>gastropod index>total gastropods"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per gram","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>ostracod>ostracod index>total ostracods"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"total organic carbon/total nitrogen","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>carbon/nitrogen"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>magnetic susceptibility","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/california/lowerbear2012.xls","linkText":"lowerbear2012.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"BBLVC05-1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":9355,"earliestYearBP":9355,"earliestYearCE":-7405,"mostRecentYear":475,"mostRecentYearBP":475,"mostRecentYearCE":1475,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lower Bear Lake"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lower Bear Lake, California 9170 Year Multiproxy Sediment Data","studyNotes":"Multiproxy lake sediment data from Lower Bear Lake, California \ncovering the last 9170 years.  Parameters measured include \nmagnetic susceptibility, LOI 550C, LOI 950C, ostracod counts, \ngastropod counts, and molar CN ratios.  \n\nLower Bear Lake was a small lake within Big Bear Valley prior \nto construction of Big Bear Dam in 1884 AD.  Modern bathymetry\nreveals a distinct depression in the near-center of modern \nBig Bear Reservoir, representing the original Lower Bear Lake. \nA single drive, 4.5 m-long sediment core (BBLVC05-1) was\nextracted from Lower Bear Lake in 2005. The core was split,\ndescribed, digitally photographed, and sub-sampled in the CSUF\nPaleoclimatology and Paleotsunami Laboratory. Mass magnetic\nsusceptibility, LOI 550C (% total organic matter), and LOI 950C\n(% total carbonate) were determined at 1 cm contiguous intervals.  \n\nLower Bear Lake, California USA: 34.254°N, 116.914°W, 2059m elev\n\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11257"}