{"NOAAStudyId":"13675","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-01-16","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-13675.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":85300,"earliestYearCE":-83350,"entryId":"noaa-lake-13675","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Escobar, J.; Hodell, D.A.; Brenner, M.; Curtis, J.H.; Gilli, A.; Mueller, A.; Anselmetti, F.S.; Ariztegui, D.; Grzesik, D.A.; Pérez, L.; Schwalb, A.; Guilderson, T.P.","mostRecentYearBP":10,"mostRecentYearCE":1940,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13675","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We present a continuous ostracod isotope (d18O and d13C) record from Lake Petén Itzá, Petén, Guatemala, in the northern, lowland Neotropics that spans the last ~43 cal ka BP. Variations in oxygen and carbon isotopes closely follow lithologic variations, which consist of alternating gypsum and clay deposits that were deposited under relatively dry and wet climate, respectively. During the last glacial period, the greatest d18O and d13C values coincide with gypsum deposited during lake lowstands under arid climate conditions that were correlated previously with North Atlantic Heinrich events. In contrast, interstadials and the entirety of the Last Glacial Maximum (~24-19 cal ka BP) are marked by clay deposition and lower d18O and d13C values, reflecting higher lake levels and relatively moister climate.\r\n\r\nIsotope results and pollen data, along with independently inferred past water levels, show the early deglacial period (~19-15 cal ka BP) was the time of greatest aridity and lowest lake stage of the past 43 ka. This period occurred during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS 1), when an extensive tropical megadrought has been postulated (Stager et al., 2011). Heinrich Stadial 1 is represented by two episodes of gypsum precipitation and high d18O and d13C values in Petén Itzá, interrupted by an intervening period of lower d18O and d13C and clay deposition centered on ~17 cal ka BP. The two periods of inferred maximum cold and/or arid conditions at ~17.5 and 16.1 cal ka BP coincide approximately with two pulses of ice-rafted debris (IRD) recorded off southern Portugal (Bard et al., 2000). At ~15 cal ka BP, coinciding with the start of the Bolling-Allerod period, d18O and d13C decrease and gypsum precipitation ceases, indicating a transition to warmer and/or wetter conditions. Gypsum precipitation resumed while d18O and d13C increased at the start of the Younger Dryas at 13.1 cal ka BP and continued until 10.4 cal ka BP, near the onset of the Holocene.\r\n\r\nPrecipitation changes during the last glacial period in the northern hemisphere Neotropics were closely linked with freshwater forcing to the high-latitude North Atlantic, and sensitive to changes in the location of meltwater input. Climate was coldest/driest when meltwater directly entered the high-latitude North Atlantic, permitting sea ice expansion and weakening of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which resulted in a more southerly position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Upon deglaciation, when meltwater was directed to the Gulf of Mexico, at ~17 ka and during the Bolling-Allerod period (15-13 ka), precipitation increased in the northern hemisphere Neotropics as North Atlantic sea ice retreated and the ITCZ shifted northward. Results from Lake Petén Itzá offer some support for the meltwater routing hypothesis of Clark et al. (2001).","author":null,"citation":"Jaime Escobar, David A. Hodell, Mark Brenner, Jason H. Curtis, Adrian Gilli, Andreas D. Mueller, Flavio S. Anselmetti, Daniel Ariztegui, Dustin A. Grzesik, Liseth Pérez, Antje Schwalb, Thomas P. Guilderson. 2012. \r\nA ~43-ka record of paleoenvironmental change in the Central American lowlands inferred from stable isotopes of lacustrine ostracods. \r\nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 37, pp. 92-104.\r\nDOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.020","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.020","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.020"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A ~43-ka record of paleoenvironmental change in the Central American lowlands inferred from stable isotopes of lacustrine ostracods","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"David A. Hodell, Flavio S. Anselmetti, Daniel Ariztegui, Mark Brenner, Jason H. Curtis, Adrian Gilli, Dustin A. Grzesik, Thomas J. Guilderson, Andreas D. Mueller, Mark B. Bush, Alexander Correa-Metrio, Jaime Escobar, Steffen Kutterolf. 2008.\r\nAn 85-ka Record of Climate Change in Lowland Central America.\r\nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 27, pp. 1152-1165.\r\nDOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.008","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.008","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.008"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"An 85-ka Record of Climate Change in Lowland Central America","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["hydrology"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54322","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["17.0003","-89.7848"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-89.7848","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"17.0003","southernmostLatitude":"17.0003","westernmostLongitude":"-89.7848"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Central America>Guatemala>Peten","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"23356","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>magnetic susceptibility"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/yucatan/peten-itza2012ms.txt","linkText":"peten-itza2012ms.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mblf","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mcd","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Escobar 2012","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Hodell 2008","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"x10-6 units","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless (SI system)","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic moments>magnetic susceptibility>volume magnetic susceptibility"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"x10-6 units","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless (SI system)","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic moments>magnetic susceptibility>volume magnetic susceptibility"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"}]}],"dataTableName":"PI-6","dataTableNotes":"71m water depth","earliestYear":85300,"earliestYearBP":85300,"earliestYearCE":-83350,"mostRecentYear":10,"mostRecentYearBP":10,"mostRecentYearCE":1940,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lake Petén Itzá PI6"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala 85000 Year Magnetic Susceptibility Data","studyNotes":"Magnetic susceptibility record of Site PI6 from Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala.  \nWe provide the data on two age models: the original one published by Hodell et al. (2008) \nand the revised one published by Escobar et al. (2012). The 2012 age model \nis considered to be the more reliable one.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11697"}