{"NOAAStudyId":"13686","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-01-28","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-13686.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":675,"earliestYearCE":1275,"entryId":"noaa-lake-13686","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":"Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship, NA10OAR431037"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE-1203892"},{"fundingAgency":"US Department of Energy","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Tierney, J.E.; Smerdon, J.E.; Anchukaitis, K.J.; Seager, R.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13686","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Kevin J. Anchukaitis and Jessica E. Tierney. 2012.\r\nIdentifying coherent spatiotemporal modes in time-uncertain proxy paleoclimate records. \r\nClimate Dynamics, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1483-0","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s00382-012-1483-0","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1483-0"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Identifying coherent spatiotemporal modes in time-uncertain proxy paleoclimate records","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":"The recent decades-long decline in East African rainfall suggests that multidecadal variability is an important component of the climate of this vulnerable region. Prior work based on analysing the instrumental record implicates both Indian and Pacific ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as possible drivers of East African multidecadal climate variability, but the short length of the instrumental record precludes a full elucidation of the underlying physical mechanisms. Here we show that on timescales beyond the decadal, the Indian Ocean drives East African rainfall variability by altering the local Walker circulation, whereas the influence of the Pacific Ocean is minimal. Our results, based on proxy indicators of relative moisture balance for the past millennium paired with long control simulations from coupled climate models, reveal that moist conditions in coastal East Africa are associated with cool SSTs (and related descending circulation) in the eastern Indian Ocean and ascending circulation over East Africa. The most prominent event identified in the proxy record - a coastal pluvial from 1680 to 1765 - occurred when Indo-Pacific warm pool SSTs reached their minimum values of the past millennium. Taken together, the proxy and model evidence suggests that Indian Ocean SSTs are the primary influence on East African rainfall over multidecadal and perhaps longer timescales.","author":null,"citation":"Jessica E. Tierney, Jason E. Smerdon, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, and Richard Seager. 2013. Multidecadal variability in East African hydroclimate controlled by the Indian Ocean. \r\nNature, Vol. 493, No. 7432, pp. 389-392. \r\nDOI: 10.1038/nature11785","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature11785","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11785"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multidecadal variability in East African hydroclimate controlled by the Indian Ocean","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["hydrology"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54328","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-10","-.25","29.5","37.7"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"37.7","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-0.25","southernmostLatitude":"-10","westernmostLongitude":"29.5"}},"locationName":"Continent>Africa>Eastern Africa","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"23377","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/tierney2013mceof.txt","linkText":"tierney2013mceof.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"median","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>empirical orthogonal function"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"68% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>empirical orthogonal function"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"68% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>empirical orthogonal function"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>empirical orthogonal function"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/tierney2013nature11785-s2.xls","linkText":"tierney2013nature11785-s2.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Tierney2013MCEOF","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1275,"earliestYearBP":675,"earliestYearCE":1275,"mostRecentYear":1950,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"East Africa"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"East African 675 Year MCEOF Hydroclimatic Lake Proxy Data Synthesis","studyNotes":"Synthesis of lacustrine hydroclimatic proxy records from East Africa using \na Monte Carlo empirical orthogonal function (MCEOF) approach.  MCEOF1 timeseries \nand spatial loadings plus 68% and 95% uncertainty bounds are reported.\n \nSite information for Lake proxy records utilized\nLake\tLatitude\tLongitude\tProxy\tAverage DT\tReferences\nChalla\t-3.32\t37.70\t\"BIT, dDwax, varve thickness\"\t33\t\"Verschuren et al. (2009), Nature; Tierney et al., (2011) QSR; Wolff et al. (2011) Science\"\nNaivasha\t-0.77\t36.35\tLake level reconstruction\t3\t\"Verschuren et al. (2000), Nature\"\nVictoria\t-1.00\t33.00\t% shallow water diatoms\t5\t\"Stager et al. (2005), J. Paleolimnol.\"\nEdward\t-0.25\t29.50\t% Mg in authigenic calcite\t4\t\"Russell and Johnson (2007), Geology\"\nTanganyika\t-6.70\t30.00\tCharcoal\t10\t\"Tierney et al. (2010), Nature Geosci.\"\nMasoko\t-9.33\t33.76\tMagnetic susceptibility\t10\t\"Garcin et al. (2006), Palaeo3; Garcin et al. (2007), J. Paleolimnol.\"\nMalawi\t-10.00\t34.22\tTerrigenous mass accumulation rate\t6\t\"Brown and Johnson (2005), G3; Johnson and McCave (2008), Limnol. Oceanogr.\"\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11707"}