{"NOAAStudyId":"14415","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-05-17","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-14415.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":3587976,"earliestYearCE":-3586026,"entryId":"noaa-lake-14415","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Russian Academy of Sciences","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Brigham-Grette, J.; Melles, M.; Minyuk, P.S.; Andreev, A.A.; Tarasov, P.E.; DeConto, R.M.; Koenig, S.; Nowaczyk, N.R.; Wennrich, V.; Rosén, P.; Haltia, E.; Cook, T.L.; Gebhardt, C.; Meyer-Jacob, C.; Snyder, J.; Herzschuh, U.","mostRecentYearBP":124951,"mostRecentYearCE":-123001,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14415","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Understanding the evolution of Arctic polar climate from the protracted warmth of the middle Pliocene into the earliest glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere has been hindered by the lack of continuous, highly resolved Arctic time series. Evidence from Lake El'gygytgyn, in northeast (NE) Arctic Russia, shows that 3.6 to 3.4 million years ago, summer temperatures were ~8C warmer than today, when the partial pressure of CO2 was ~400 parts per million. Multiproxy evidence suggests extreme warmth and polar amplification during the middle Pliocene, sudden stepped cooling events during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, and warmer than present Arctic summers until ~2.2 million years ago, after the onset of Northern Hemispheric glaciation. Our data are consistent with sea-level records and other proxies indicating that Arctic cooling was insufficient to support large-scale ice sheets until the early Pleistocene.","author":{"name":"Julie Brigham-Grette, Martin Melles, Pavel Minyuk, Andrei Andreev, Pavel Tarasov, Robert DeConto, Sebastian Koenig, Norbert Nowaczyk, Volker Wennrich, Peter Rosén, Eeva Haltia, Tim Cook, Catalina Gebhardt, Carsten Meyer-Jacob, Jeff Snyder, Ulrike Herzschuh"},"citation":"Julie Brigham-Grette, Martin Melles, Pavel Minyuk, Andrei Andreev, Pavel Tarasov, Robert DeConto, Sebastian Koenig, Norbert Nowaczyk, Volker Wennrich, Peter Rosén, Eeva Haltia, Tim Cook, Catalina Gebhardt, Carsten Meyer-Jacob, Jeff Snyder, Ulrike Herzschuh. 2013. Pliocene Warmth, Polar Amplification, and Stepped Pleistocene Cooling Recorded  in NE Arctic Russia. Science, 340(6139), 1421-1427. doi: 10.1126/science.1233137 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1233137 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1233137 "},"issue":"6139","journal":"Science","pages":"1421-1427","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Pliocene Warmth, Polar Amplification, and Stepped Pleistocene Cooling Recorded  in NE Arctic Russia","type":"publication","volume":"340"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Arctic"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54271","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["67.4997","172.1038"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"172.1038","maxElevationMeters":"492","minElevationMeters":"492","northernmostLatitude":"67.4997","southernmostLatitude":"67.4997","westernmostLongitude":"172.1038"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Eastern Europe>Russia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24396","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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