{"NOAAStudyId":"14490","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-05-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-14490.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1108,"earliestYearCE":842,"entryId":"noaa-lake-14490","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"National Basic Research Program of China","fundingGrant":"2010CB950202"},{"fundingAgency":"National Natural Science Foundation China","fundingGrant":"40971056,41001114"}],"investigators":"Liu, J.B.; Chen, F.-H.; Chen, J.-H.; Xia, D.S.; Xu, Q.H.; Wang, Z.L.; Li, Y.C.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14490","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Variations in monsoon strength, moisture or precipitation in eastern China during the MWP reflected by different climatic records have shown apparent discrepancies. Here, detailed environmental magnetic investigations and mineralogical analyses were conducted on lacustrine sediments of Core GH09B1 (2.8 m long) from Gonghai Lake, Shanxi, North China, concerning the monsoon history during the MWP. The results demonstrate that the main magnetic mineral is magnetite. The sediments with relatively high magnetic mineral concentrations were characterized by relatively fine magnetic grain sizes, which were formed in a period of relatively strong pedogenesis and high precipitation. In contrast, the sediments with low magnetic mineral concentrations reflected an opposite process. The variations of magnetic parameters in Gonghai Lake sediments were mainly controlled by the degree of pedogenesis in the lake drainage basin, which further indicated the strength of the Asian summer monsoon. The variations in the χ and S-300 parameters of the core clearly reveal the Asian summer monsoon history over the last 1200 years in the study area, suggesting generally abundant precipitation and a strong summer monsoon during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP, AD 910–1220), which is supported by pollen evidence. Furthermore, this 3–6-year resolution environmental magnetic record indicates a dry event around AD 980–1050, interrupting the generally humid MWP. The summer monsoon evolution over the last millennium recorded by magnetic parameters in sediments from Gonghai Lake correlates well with historical documentation (North China) and speleothem oxygen isotopes (Wanxiang Cave), as well as precipitation modeling results (extratropical East Asia), which all indicate a generally humid MWP within which centennial-scale moisture variability existed. It is thus demonstrated that environmental magnetic parameters could be used as an effective proxy for monsoon climate variations in high-resolution lacustrine sediments.","author":null,"citation":"J.B. Liu, F.H. Chen, J.H. Chen, D.S. Xia, Q.H. Xu, Z.L. Wang and Y.C. Li.\r\n2011. Humid Medieval Warm Period recorded by magnetic characteristics of\r\nsediments from Gonghai Lake, Shanxi, North China. Chinese Science\r\nBulletin, 56(23): 2464-2474.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Chinese Science Bulletin","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Humid Medieval Warm Period recorded by magnetic characteristics of sediments from Gonghai Lake, Shanxi, North China.","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["precipitation","Medieval Warm Period","drought","hydrology","Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54929","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["38.9","112.233333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"112.233333","maxElevationMeters":"1860","minElevationMeters":"1860","northernmostLatitude":"38.9","southernmostLatitude":"38.9","westernmostLongitude":"112.233333"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>China","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24475","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>magnetic susceptibility"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/asia/china/liu2011.txt","linkText":"liu2011.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"x10-8 units","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"magnetic susceptibility measurement with single sample sensor","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"cubic meter per kilogram","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic moments>magnetic susceptibility>mass magnetic susceptibility"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"measured using a reverse field of -300 mT","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic ratios>S-ratio"}]}],"dataTableName":"GH09B1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":842,"earliestYearBP":1108,"earliestYearCE":842,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Gonghai Lake"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Shanxi Gonghai Lake, North China, Humid Medieval Warm Period","studyNotes":"Environmental magnetic record  ( χ and S-300) of  lacustrine sediments (core GH09B1) from Gonghai Lake, North China. All AMS 14C dates were generated from  samples of terrestrial plant macrofossils. The AMS 14C samples were all  first prepared with the standard pretreatment (alkali–acid–alkali) and then measured at the AMS Dating Laboratory of the Institute of Earth Environment,  Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China. All dates were calibrated to calendar years using OXCAL4.1 software using the IntCal04 calibration data set.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"12490"}