{"NOAAStudyId":"15090","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-08-16","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-15090.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2067,"earliestYearCE":-117,"entryId":"noaa-lake-15090","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"200021-121909"},{"fundingAgency":"ANR France","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Wirth, S.B.; Gilli, A.; Simonneau, A.; Ariztegui, D.; Vannière, B.; Glur, L.; Chapron, E.; Magny, M.; Anselmetti, F.S.","mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15090","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Knowledge of past natural flood variability and controlling climate factors is of high value since it can be useful to refine projections of the future flood behavior under climate warming. In this context, we present a seasonally resolved 2000 year long flood frequency and intensity reconstruction from the southern Alpine slope (North Italy) using annually laminated (varved) lake sediments. Floods occurred predominantly during summer and autumn, whereas winter and spring events were rare. The all-season flood frequency and, particularly, the occurrence of summer events increased during solar minima, suggesting solarinduced circulation changes resembling negative conditions of the North Atlantic Oscillation as controlling atmospheric mechanism. Furthermore, the most extreme autumn events occurred during a period of warm Mediterranean sea surface temperature. Interpreting these results in regard to present climate change, our data set proposes for a warming scenario, a decrease in summer floods, but an increase in the intensity of autumn floods at the South-Alpine slope.","author":null,"citation":"Wirth, S. B., A. Gilli, A. Simonneau, D. Ariztegui,\r\nB. Vannière, L. Glur, E. Chapron, M. Magny, and F. S. Anselmetti\r\n(2013), A 2000 year long seasonal record of floods in the southern\r\nEuropean Alps, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4025–4029, doi:10.1002/grl.50741.\r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/grl.50741","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50741"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A 2000 year long seasonal record of floods in the southern European Alps","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)","North Atlantic Oscillation","Little Ice Age (LIA)","precipitation","Seasonal Resolution (SR)"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55453","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["45.876667","10.750556"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"10.750556","maxElevationMeters":"653","minElevationMeters":"653","northernmostLatitude":"45.876667","southernmostLatitude":"45.876667","westernmostLongitude":"10.750556"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Southern Europe>Italy","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"25120","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/italy/ledro2013thickness-winter.txt","linkText":"ledro2013thickness-winter.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"winter flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"image analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"winter flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"}]}],"dataTableName":"Thickness Winter","dataTableNotes":"Individual flood layers. Measured Parameters: Seasonality and thickness of flood layers.","earliestYear":1809,"earliestYearBP":1809,"earliestYearCE":141,"mostRecentYear":-22,"mostRecentYearBP":-22,"mostRecentYearCE":1972,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"25121","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/italy/ledro2013thickness-spring.txt","linkText":"ledro2013thickness-spring.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"spring flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"image analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"spring flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"}]}],"dataTableName":"Thickness Spring","dataTableNotes":"Individual flood layers. Measured Parameters: Seasonality and thickness of flood layers.","earliestYear":1978,"earliestYearBP":1978,"earliestYearCE":-28,"mostRecentYear":-10,"mostRecentYearBP":-10,"mostRecentYearCE":1960,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"25122","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/italy/ledro2013thickness-summer.txt","linkText":"ledro2013thickness-summer.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"summer flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"image analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"summer flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"}]}],"dataTableName":"Thickness Summer","dataTableNotes":"Individual flood layers. Measured Parameters: Seasonality and thickness of flood layers. ","earliestYear":2066,"earliestYearBP":2066,"earliestYearCE":-116,"mostRecentYear":-48,"mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"25123","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/italy/ledro2013thickness-fall.txt","linkText":"ledro2013thickness-fall.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"fall flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"image analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"fall flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"}]}],"dataTableName":"Thickness Fall","dataTableNotes":"Individual flood layers. Measured Parameters: Seasonality and thickness of flood layers.","earliestYear":2067,"earliestYearBP":2067,"earliestYearCE":-117,"mostRecentYear":-48,"mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"25124","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/italy/ledro2013count-winter.txt","linkText":"ledro2013count-winter.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"30 year moving sum; winter flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"image analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"30 year moving sum; winter flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"}]}],"dataTableName":"Count Winter","dataTableNotes":"30-year moving sums of flood events. Measured Parameters: Seasonality and thickness of flood layers.","earliestYear":2050,"earliestYearBP":2050,"earliestYearCE":-100,"mostRecentYear":-45,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"25519","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/italy/ledro2013count-spring.txt","linkText":"ledro2013count-spring.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"30 year moving sum; spring flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"image analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"30 year moving sum; spring flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"}]}],"dataTableName":"Count Spring","dataTableNotes":"Measured Parameters: Seasonality and thickness of flood layers. Individual flood layers.","earliestYear":2050,"earliestYearBP":2050,"earliestYearCE":-100,"mostRecentYear":-45,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"25520","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/italy/ledro2013count-summer.txt","linkText":"ledro2013count-summer.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"30 year moving sum; summer flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"image analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"30 year moving sum; summer flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"}]}],"dataTableName":"Count Summer","dataTableNotes":"Measured Parameters: Seasonality and thickness of flood layers. Individual flood layers.","earliestYear":2050,"earliestYearBP":2050,"earliestYearCE":-100,"mostRecentYear":-45,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"25521","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/italy/ledro2013count-fall.txt","linkText":"ledro2013count-fall.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"30 year moving sum; fall flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"image analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"30 year moving sum; fall flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"}]}],"dataTableName":"Count Fall","dataTableNotes":"30-year moving sums of flood events. Measured Parameters: Seasonality and thickness of flood layers. Individual flood layers.","earliestYear":2050,"earliestYearBP":2050,"earliestYearCE":-100,"mostRecentYear":-45,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"25522","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/italy/ledro2013count-annual.txt","linkText":"ledro2013count-annual.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"30 year moving sum; annual flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"image analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"30 year moving sum; annual flood events","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"formation property>event layer"}]}],"dataTableName":"Count Annual","dataTableNotes":"30-year moving sums of flood events. Measured Parameters: Seasonality and thickness of flood layers. Individual flood layers.","earliestYear":2050,"earliestYearBP":2050,"earliestYearCE":-100,"mostRecentYear":-45,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lake Ledro"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"A 2000 year long seasonal record of floods in the southern European Alps, Lake Ledro, Northern Italy","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"12950"}