{"NOAAStudyId":"16095","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-01-24","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-16095.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":15205,"earliestYearCE":-13255,"entryId":"noaa-lake-16095","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"DEB-0816731, DEB-0815036"}],"investigators":"Marsicek, J.P.; Shuman, B.N.; Brewer, S.; Foster, D.R.; Oswald, W.","mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16095","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A decline of hemlock (Tsuga) populations at ca 5.5 ka (thousands of calibrated radiocarbon years before 1950 AD) stands out as the most abrupt vegetation change of the Holocene in North America, but remains poorly understood after decades of study. Recent analyses of fossil pollen have revealed a concurrent, abrupt oak (Quercus) decline and increases in the abundance of beech (Fagus) and pine (Pinus) on Cape Cod in eastern Massachusetts, but the replacement of drought-tolerant oaks by moisture-sensitive beeches appears inconsistent with low lake levels in the region at the same time. The oak and beech changes are also limited to coastal areas, and the coastal-inland differences require an explanation. Here, we develop a new lake-level reconstruction from Deep Pond, Cape Cod by using a transect of sediment cores and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles to constrain the past elevations of the sandy, littoral zone of the pond. The reconstruction shows that a series of multi-century episodes of low water coincide with the abrupt hemlock and oak declines, and interrupt subsequent phases of hemlock recovery. The lake-level variations equal precipitation deficits of ~100 mm superimposed on a Holocene long moisture increase of >400 mm. However, because moisture deficits do not easily explain the oak and beech changes, we also evaluate how the climate preferences of the regional vegetation changed over time by matching the fossil pollen assemblages from Deep Pond with their modern equivalents. Reconstructions of the precipitation requirements of the vegetation correlate well even in detail with the lake-level record (r = 0.88 at Deep Pond), and indicate close tracking of effective moisture (precipitation minus evapotranspiration) by the vegetation despite the abrupt species declines, which could have decoupled climate and vegetation trends. Reconstructions of the temperature preferences of the vegetation indicate that coastal sites may have cooled by 0.5-2.5 C after ca 5.5 ka, while inland sites warmed by 0.5-1 C. The change in coastal temperature preferences agrees with sea surface cooling in the western Atlantic Ocean of >1 C. Consequently, the persistence of low hemlock abundance after 5.5 ka in the northeast U.S. may have resulted from oceanic changes that produced multi-century droughts and thus delayed the post-decline recovery of hemlock populations.","author":{"name":"Jeremiah P. Marsicek, Bryan Shuman, Simon Brewer, David R. Foster, W. Wyatt Oswald"},"citation":"Jeremiah P. Marsicek, Bryan Shuman, Simon Brewer, David R. Foster, W. Wyatt Oswald. 2013. Moisture and temperature changes associated with the mid-Holocene Tsuga decline in the northeastern United States. Quaternary Science Reviews, 80, 129-142. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.001","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.001","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.001"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":"129-142","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Moisture and temperature changes associated with the mid-Holocene Tsuga decline in the northeastern United States","type":"publication","volume":"80"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Paul Pribyl and Bryan N. Shuman"},"citation":"Paul Pribyl and Bryan N. Shuman. 2014. A Computational Approach to Quaternary Lake-Level Reconstruction Applied in the Central Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA. Quaternary Research. . ","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A Computational Approach to Quaternary Lake-Level Reconstruction Applied in the Central Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["hydrology","Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55812","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["41.564","-70.635"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-70.635","maxElevationMeters":"23","minElevationMeters":"23","northernmostLatitude":"41.564","southernmostLatitude":"41.564","westernmostLongitude":"-70.635"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Massachusetts","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26063","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/massachusetts/deep2013loi.txt","linkText":"Loss-on-Ignition Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"range upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"550 degrees C","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"loss on ignition","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"range lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/massachusetts/Deep_cores.csv","linkText":"Loss-On-Ignition Data","urlDescription":"Original CSV Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"DeepPond2013LOI","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":15205,"earliestYearBP":15205,"earliestYearCE":-13255,"mostRecentYear":-59,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26064","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/massachusetts/deep2013ll.txt","linkText":"Lake Level Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"relative to present","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>lake level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"relative to present","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"range upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>lake level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"relative to present","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"range lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>lake level"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/massachusetts/Deep_LLrecon_012414.csv","linkText":"Lake Level Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Original CSV Data File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/massachusetts/FaciesThresholds_Deep.csv","linkText":"Facies Thresholds","urlDescription":"Original CSV Data File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/massachusetts/Deep_Iterations_012414.csv","linkText":"Individual ensemble members","urlDescription":"Original CSV Data File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/massachusetts/Deep_R_Script_LLRecon_012414.txt","linkText":"Code for Lake Level Reconstruction","urlDescription":"R Script File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"DeepPond2013LL","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":11900,"earliestYearBP":11900,"earliestYearCE":-9950,"mostRecentYear":50,"mostRecentYearBP":50,"mostRecentYearCE":1900,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26065","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/massachusetts/deep2013p-e.txt","linkText":"Precipitation minus Evaporation Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on sediment loss on ignition","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation minus evaporation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"25th percentile; based on sediment loss on ignition","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"percentile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation minus evaporation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on sediment loss on ignition","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation minus evaporation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"75th percentile; based on sediment loss on ignition","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"percentile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation minus evaporation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/massachusetts/Deep_PErecon_012414.csv","linkText":"Precipitation minus Evaporation Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Original CSV Data File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/massachusetts/Deep_R_Script_MoistureBalance_011414.txt","linkText":"Code for P-E Reconstruction","urlDescription":"R Script File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"DeepPond2013P-E","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":11900,"earliestYearBP":11900,"earliestYearCE":-9950,"mostRecentYear":50,"mostRecentYearBP":50,"mostRecentYearCE":1900,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Deep Pond"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Deep Pond, Massachusetts 12KYr LOI Data and Moisture Balance Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Sediment loss-on-ignition (LOI) values and moisture balance (lake-level and DeltaP-E, \nPrecipitation minus Evaporation) reconstructions for Deep Pond, Massachusetts. \nAlso included are facies thresholds for differentiating littoral and sub-littoral lake sediment facies \nbased on the raw core data, for use in the iterative lake-level reconstruction process. The reconstruction \nprocess iteratively applies each set of thresholds in R to produce an ensemble of reconstructions. The code for \ngenerating the lake-level reconstruction according to the process described in Pribyl and Shuman (2014) is provided.\nAlso included are the ensemble mean lake-level reconstruction and its uncertainty per 50-yr interval for the length \nof the record, and the individual ensemble members for each time step (but without the ages for the steps).\nR script MoistureBalance is the code for the simple moisture-budget calculation based on the lake-level reconstruction. \nAgain this follows Pribyl and Shuman (2014).  PErecon contains the median P-E reconstruction as an anomaly from modern \n for each 50-yr interval, as well as the 1-sigma and 25% and 75% quantiles of the reconstruction uncertainty.\nData and R code are included in original contributor files: Deep_cores.csv, Deep_Iterations_012414.csv, \nDeep_LLrecon_012414.csv, Deep_PErecon_012414.csv, Deep_R_Script_LLRecon_012414.txt, \nDeep_R_Script_MoistureBalance_011414.txt, and FaciesThresholds_Deep.csv, plus WDC Paleo formatted text files deep2013loi.txt,\ndeep2013ll.txt, and deep2013p-e.txt.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"13858"}