{"NOAAStudyId":"18216","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-03-11","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-18216.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2250000000,"earliestYearCE":-2249998050,"entryId":"noaa-lake-18216","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Hughes, G.B.; Giegengack, R.; Kritikos, H.N.","mostRecentYearBP":2224999744,"mostRecentYearCE":-2224997794,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18216","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Rhythmically deposited argillites of the Gowganda Formation (ca. 2.0-2.5 Ga) probably formed in a glacial setting. Drop stones and layered sedimentary couplets in the rock presumably indicate formation in a lacustrine environment with repeating freeze-thaw cycles. It is plausible that temporal variations in the thickness of sedimentary layers are related to interannual climatic variability, e.g. average seasonal temperature could have influenced melting and the amount of sediment source material carried to the lake. A sequence of layer couplet thickness measurements was made from high-resolution digitized photographs taken at an outcrop in southern Ontario, Canada. The frequency spectrum of thickness measurements displays patterns that resemble some aspects of modern climate. Coherent periodic modes in the thickness spectrum appear at 9.9-10.7 layer couplets and at 14.3 layer couplets. It is unlikely that these coherent modes result from random processes. Modern instrument records of regional temperature and rainfall display similar spectral patterns, with some datasets showing significant modes near 14 yr in both parameters. Rainfall and temperature could have affected sedimentary layering in the Gowganda argillite sequence, and climate modulation of couplet thickness emerges as the most likely explanation of the observed layering pattern. If this interpretation is correct, the layer couplets represent predominantly annual accumulations of sediment (i.e. they are varves), and the thickness spectrum provides a glimpse of Early Proterozoic climatic variability. The presence of interannual climate patterns is not unanticipated, but field evidence presented here may be of some value in developing a climate theory for the Early Proterozoic.","author":{"name":"Gary B. Hughes, Robert Giegengack, Haralambos N. Kritikos"},"citation":"Gary B. Hughes, Robert Giegengack, Haralambos N. Kritikos. 2003. Modern spectral climate patterns in rhythmically deposited argillites of the Gowganda Formation (Early Proterozoic), southern Ontario, Canada. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 207(1-4), 13-22. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01155-X","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01155-X","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01155-X"},"issue":"1-4","journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"13-22","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2003,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Modern spectral climate patterns in rhythmically deposited argillites of the Gowganda Formation (Early Proterozoic), southern Ontario, Canada","type":"publication","volume":"207"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56498","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.4338","-83.3329"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-83.3329","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"46.4338","southernmostLatitude":"46.4338","westernmostLongitude":"-83.3329"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Canada>Ontario","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"28576","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/canada/on/gowganda2003varve.txt","linkText":"Gowganda Formation Early Proterozoic Varve Thickness Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"varve number","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>varve thickness"}]}],"dataTableName":"Gowganda2003varve","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":2250000000,"earliestYearBP":2250000000,"earliestYearCE":-2249998050,"mostRecentYear":2224999744,"mostRecentYearBP":2224999744,"mostRecentYearCE":-2224997794,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Wharncliffe"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Gowganda Formation, Ontario Early Proterozoic Varve Thickness Data","studyNotes":"Varve thickness data from the Gowganda Formation, southern Ontario, measured on an argillite outcrop located in the Mississagi River Valley near Wharncliffe, Ontario, Canada (at the intersection of highway 554 and highway 129).  Sediments are early Proterozoic age, ca. 2.0-2.5 billion years before present.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15919"}