{"NOAAStudyId":"18995","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-07-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-18995.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":5698,"earliestYearCE":-3748,"entryId":"noaa-lake-18995","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ARC-1107662, ARC-1107854, EAR-1347221"}],"investigators":"Boldt, B.R.; Kaufman, D.S.; McKay, N.P.; Briner, J.P.","mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18995","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Quantitative records of pre-industrial temperature changes are fundamental for understanding long-term natural climate variability. We used visible reflectance spectroscopy to measure chlorophyll content (and its derivatives) in a sediment core from Kurupa Lake, north-central Brooks Range, Alaska, to reconstruct summer temperature and the number of annual non-freezing days over the past 5.7 ka. A calibration-in-time approach was used to convert downcore changes in chlorophyll content to the climate variables, and an ensemble approach was used to integrate age and calibration uncertainties. The strongest correlation (r median = 0.69, p median = 0.02, RMSEP = 1.9C) is for summer (June through September) temperature using the 20th Century Reanalysis Project dataset. The chlorophyll-inferred 3-year-mean summer temperature shows that the warmest century (3.0-2.9 ka BP) was about 3.0C (90% range of the ensemble members = 2.3-4.0C) higher and that the coldest century (1.4-1.3 ka BP) was about 5.5C lower (90% range = -7.6C to -5.0C) than during the reference period (AD 1961-1990). Century-to-century temperature changes over the past 5.7 ka at Kurupa Lake have been large (90% range = -2.8C to 3.1C shifts in centennial mean), including the shift between the 19th and 20th centuries, which was above the 90th percentile of temperature changes across all representations of the reconstruction. In contrast to most Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstructions, Kurupa Lake shows no overall millennial-scale cooling trend. We suggest that increased summer duration (by 4.3 days during the last 6 ka) along with no long-term increase in sea-ice cover over the adjacent Chukchi Sea counter-balanced the influence of decreased insolation intensity on the aquatic productivity in Kurupa Lake. ","author":{"name":"Brandon R. Boldt, Darrell S. Kaufman, Nicholas P. McKay, and Jason P. Briner "},"citation":"Brandon R. Boldt, Darrell S. Kaufman, Nicholas P. McKay, and Jason P. Briner. 2015. Holocene summer temperature reconstruction from sedimentary chlorophyll content, with treatment of age uncertainties, Kurupa Lake, Arctic Alaska . The Holocene, 25(4), 641-650. doi: 10.1177/0959683614565929","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1177/0959683614565929","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683614565929"},"issue":"4","journal":"The Holocene","pages":"641-650","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Holocene summer temperature reconstruction from sedimentary chlorophyll content, with treatment of age uncertainties, Kurupa Lake, Arctic Alaska ","type":"publication","volume":"25"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"48059","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["68.3637","-154.6496"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-154.6496","maxElevationMeters":"924","minElevationMeters":"924","northernmostLatitude":"68.3637","southernmostLatitude":"68.3637","westernmostLongitude":"-154.6496"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Alaska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"29414","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/kurupa2015rabd.txt","linkText":"Kurupa Lake Relative Absorption Band Depth (RABD)","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ratio between the reflectance minimum (absorption maximum) and the reflectance value for 660-670nm","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"spectrophotometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>reflectance"}]}],"dataTableName":"Kurupa2015RABP","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":5698,"earliestYearBP":5698,"earliestYearCE":-3748,"mostRecentYear":-60,"mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"29415","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/kurupa2015temp100yr.txt","linkText":"Kurupa Lake Century Average Temperature Reconstructions","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"100-year-mean; 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anomalies relative to 1961-1990; calibrated to 20th Century Reanalysis; based on sediment chlorophyll","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"one standard deviation upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"3-year-mean smoothed; anomalies relative to 1961-1990; calibrated to 20th Century Reanalysis; based on sediment chlorophyll","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"3-year-mean smoothed; anomalies relative to 1961-1990; calibrated to 20th Century Reanalysis; based on sediment chlorophyll","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"3-year-mean smoothed; anomalies relative to 1961-1990; calibrated to 20th Century Reanalysis; based on sediment chlorophyll","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"3-year-mean smoothed; anomalies relative to 1961-1990; calibrated to 20th Century Reanalysis; based on sediment chlorophyll","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"3-year-mean smoothed; anomalies relative to 1961-1990; calibrated to 20th Century Reanalysis; based on sediment chlorophyll","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"3-year-mean smoothed; anomalies relative to 1961-1990; calibrated to 20th Century Reanalysis; based on sediment chlorophyll","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Kurupa20153YrReAn","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":5593,"earliestYearBP":5593,"earliestYearCE":-3643,"mostRecentYear":-53,"mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Kurupa Lake"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Kurupa Lake, Alaska 5,700 Year Inferred Chlorophyll and Summer Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Inferred sediment chlorophyll content and summer (June-September) temperature reconstruction from Kurupa Lake, Brooks Range, Alaska, for the past 5.7 ka.  Data are spectrally inferred (RABD) chlorophyll concentration, geochronology (14C and 210Pb), and summer temperature reconstructions (3-yr and 100-yr). ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"16677"}