{"NOAAStudyId":"19465","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-11-06","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-19465.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":345,"earliestYearCE":1605,"entryId":"noaa-lake-19465","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"NSF-RAPID-1256970, NSF-0957881"},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":"NA07OAR4310058"}],"investigators":"Conroy, J.L.; Thompson, D.M.; Collins, A.; Overpeck, J.T.; Bush, M.B.; Cole, J.E.","mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19465","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Genovesa Crater Lake is a remote, hypersaline lake in the northern Galápagos archipelago that contains a finely laminated sediment record. This sediment record has the potential to provide a high-resolution history of past climate variability in the eastern tropical Pacific. Here we present modern climate, lake, and sediment observations from 2009 to 2012 to explore how local climate variability influences Genovesa Crater Lake and its sediments. Surface lake temperature is strongly linked to air temperature and is highly seasonal. Temperature stratification is strongest during the warm season, whereas temperature becomes more uniform through the water column in the cool season. Deeper and earlier mixing occurred during the 2010 La Niña, which subsequently delayed 2011 cool season mixing and maximum warm season surface temperatures in 2011 and 2012. Lake salinity changes are influenced by precipitation, evaporation and persistent seawater influx. The largest declines in subsurface salinity follow months after the rainy season, when temperatures cool and fresher surface water from the previous warm/wet season mixes into the subsurface. Between 2009 and 2012, more calcium carbonate precipitated during a period of higher salinity. The period of highest calcium carbonate abundance measured in sediment records that span the late nineteenth to twentieth century coincides with the failure of two consecutive rainy seasons in 1988 and 1989 as well as the coldest monthly sea surface temperature measured at Puerto Ayora in 1989. More calcium carbonate-rich laminae from AD 1550 ± 70 to 1675 ± 90 may indicate a greater frequency of prolonged droughts or cooler temperatures, although enhanced productivity may also modulate carbonate precipitation. More Ca-rich laminae in Genovesa coincide with dry conditions inferred from other Galápagos sediment proxies, as well as prolonged dry and cool conditions inferred from reconstructions of the Southern Oscillation Index and NINO3 sea surface temperatures.","author":{"name":"Jessica L. Conroy, Diane M. Thompson, Aaron Collins, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Mark B. Bush, Julia E. Cole"},"citation":"Jessica L. Conroy, Diane M. Thompson, Aaron Collins, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Mark B. Bush, Julia E. Cole. 2014. Climate influences on water and sediment properties of Genovesa Crater Lake, Galápagos. Journal of Paleolimnology, 52(4), 331-347. doi: 10.1007/s10933-014-9797-z ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s10933-014-9797-z ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-014-9797-z "},"issue":"4","journal":"Journal of Paleolimnology","pages":"331-347","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Climate influences on water and sediment properties of Genovesa Crater Lake, Galápagos","type":"publication","volume":"52"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56646","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[".33","-89.96"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-89.96","maxElevationMeters":"0","minElevationMeters":"0","northernmostLatitude":"0.33","southernmostLatitude":"0.33","westernmostLongitude":"-89.96"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean>Galapagos Islands","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30061","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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