{"NOAAStudyId":"19466","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-11-06","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-19466.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":347,"earliestYearCE":1603,"entryId":"noaa-lake-19466","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"NSF-RAPID-1256970, NSF-0957881"},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":"NA07OAR4310058"}],"investigators":"Conroy, J.L.; Thompson, D.M.; Collins, A.; Overpeck, J.T.; Bush, M.B.; Cole, J.E.; Anderson, D.J.","mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19466","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Seabirds play an important role in coastal environments, serving as key indicators of marine ecosystem variability as well as biovectors that influence terrestrial productivity and carbon storage. Long-term estimates of seabird populations remain rare, but lakes that support large seabird populations in their watersheds can archive a history of seabird activity in their sediment records. Here we present a seabird guano-influenced sediment record from Genovesa Crater Lake, Galápagos Islands, home to the world's largest reported colony of red-footed boobies (Sula sula) and smaller populations of other species. Influx of seabird guano into Genovesa Crater Lake produces high sedimentary δ15N values, and temporal variability in sediment δ15N primarily reflects changes in guano influx through time. Two abrupt increases in sedimentary δ15N occurred at 1835 AD and 1965 AD, and variance increased following the 1965 AD shift. The largest of these abrupt shifts at 1835 AD coincided, within age model error, with an abrupt increase in marine productivity indicators in sediment records off the coast of Perú and Chile. In the latter part of the twentieth century, δ15N values increased during periods of higher landings of Peruvian anchoveta and sardines. We hypothesise that seabird presence and activity on Genovesa increased during periods of higher regional marine productivity. Enhanced variance in Genovesa δ15N following the 1965 AD shift may reflect a modern population more susceptible to climate and environmental variability than at any other time in the last 400 years.","author":{"name":"Jessica L. Conroy, Aaron F. Collins, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Mark B. Bush, Julia E. Cole and David J. Anderson"},"citation":"Jessica L. Conroy, Aaron F. Collins, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Mark B. Bush, Julia E. Cole and David J. Anderson. 2015. A 400-year isotopic record of seabird response to eastern tropical Pacific productivity. Geo: Geography and Environment. . doi: 10.1002/geo2.11","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/geo2.11","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/geo2.11"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geo: Geography and Environment","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A 400-year isotopic record of seabird response to eastern tropical Pacific productivity","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56646","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[".33","-89.96"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-89.96","maxElevationMeters":"0","minElevationMeters":"0","northernmostLatitude":"0.33","southernmostLatitude":"0.33","westernmostLongitude":"-89.96"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean>Galapagos Islands","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30066","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>carbon>organic carbon"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>nitrogen"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for Suess effect","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass 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variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>carbon>organic carbon"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>nitrogen"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for Suess 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15N"}]}],"dataTableName":"Genovesa2015GU1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1605,"earliestYearBP":345,"earliestYearCE":1605,"mostRecentYear":1907,"mostRecentYearBP":43,"mostRecentYearCE":1907,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30070","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2015gu6.txt","linkText":"Genovesa Crater Lake Core GU-6 Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth 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effect","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"}]}],"dataTableName":"Genovesa2015GU6","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1911,"earliestYearBP":39,"earliestYearCE":1911,"mostRecentYear":2002,"mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30071","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2015lg1.txt","linkText":"Genovesa Crater Lake Core LG-1 Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth 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