{"NOAAStudyId":"19848","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-03-04","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-19848.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":41100,"earliestYearCE":-39150,"entryId":"noaa-lake-19848","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US Environmental Protection  Agency","fundingGrant":"FP-91762301-0"}],"investigators":"Fornace, K.; Whitney, B.S.; Galy, V.V.; Hughen, K.A.; Mayle, F.E.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19848","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Stable isotope analysis of leaf waxes in a sediment core from Laguna La Gaiba, a shallow lake located at the Bolivian margin of the Pantanal wetlands, provides new perspective on vegetation and climate change in the lowland interior tropics of South America over the past 40,000 years. The carbon isotopic compositions (d13C) of long-chain n-alkanes reveal large shifts between C3- and C4-dominated vegetation communities since the last glacial period, consistent with landscape reconstructions generated with pollen data from the same sediment core. Leaf wax d13C values during the last glacial period reflect an open landscape composed of C4 grasses and C3 herbs from 41-20 ka. A peak in C4 abundance during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~21 ka) suggests drier or more seasonal conditions relative to the earlier glacial period, while the development of a C3-dominated forest community after 20 ka points to increased humidity during the last deglaciation. Within the Holocene, large changes in the abundance of C4 vegetation indicate a transition from drier or more seasonal conditions during the early/mid-Holocene to wetter conditions in the late Holocene coincident with increasing austral summer insolation. Strong negative correlations between leaf wax d13C and image values over the entire record indicate that the majority of variability in leaf wax image at this site can be explained by variability in the magnitude of biosynthetic fractionation by different vegetation types rather than changes in meteoric water image signatures. However, positive image deviations from the observed d13C-image trends are consistent with more enriched source water and drier or more seasonal conditions during the early/mid-Holocene and LGM. Overall, our record adds to evidence of varying influence of glacial boundary conditions and orbital forcing on South American Summer Monsoon precipitation in different regions of the South American tropics. Moreover, the relationships between leaf wax stable isotopes and pollen data observed at this site underscore the complementary nature of pollen and leaf wax d13C data for reconstructing past vegetation changes and the potentially large effects of such changes on leaf wax image signatures. ","author":{"name":"Kyrstin L. Fornace, Bronwen S. Whitney, Valier Galy, Konrad A. Hughen, Francis E. Mayle"},"citation":"Kyrstin L. Fornace, Bronwen S. Whitney, Valier Galy, Konrad A. Hughen, Francis E. Mayle. 2016. Late Quaternary environmental change in the interior South American tropics: new insight from leaf wax stable isotopes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 438, 75-78. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.01.007","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.01.007","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.01.007"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"75-78","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Late Quaternary environmental change in the interior South American tropics: new insight from leaf wax stable isotopes","type":"publication","volume":"438"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56732","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-17.77","-57.72"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-57.72","maxElevationMeters":"160","minElevationMeters":"160","northernmostLatitude":"-17.77","southernmostLatitude":"-17.77","westernmostLongitude":"-57.72"}},"locationName":"Continent>South 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