{"NOAAStudyId":"20126","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-05-04","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-20126.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":7901,"earliestYearCE":-5951,"entryId":"noaa-lake-20126","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Geological Society of America","fundingGrant":"Student, Kerry Kelts, Marie Morisawa Research Awards"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"Graduate Research Fellowship, 909334, 520718, EAR Postdoctoral Fellowship"}],"investigators":"Thomas, E.K.; Briner, J.P.; Ryan-Henry, J.J.; Huang, Y.","mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20126","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Precipitation is predicted to increase in the Arctic as temperature increases and sea ice retreats. Yet, the mechanisms controlling precipitation in the Arctic are poorly understood and quantified only by the short, sparse instrumental record. We use hydrogen isotope ratios (d2H) of lipid biomarkers in lake sediments from western Greenland to reconstruct precipitation seasonality and summer temperature during the past 8 kyr. Aquatic biomarker d2H was 100 per mil more negative from 6 to 4ka than during the early and late Holocene, which we interpret to reflect increased winter snowfall. The middle Holocene also had high summer air temperature, decreased early winter sea ice in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea, and a strong, warm West Greenland Current. These results corroborate model predictions of winter snowfall increases caused by sea ice retreat, and furthermore suggest that warm currents advecting more heat into the polar seas may enhance Arctic evaporation and snowfall.","author":{"name":"Elizabeth K. Thomas, Jason P. Briner, John J. Ryan-Henry and Yongsong Huang "},"citation":"Elizabeth K. Thomas, Jason P. Briner, John J. Ryan-Henry and Yongsong Huang. 2016. A major increase in winter snowfall during the middle Holocene on western Greenland caused by reduced sea ice in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea. Geophysical Research Letters. . doi: 10.1002/2016GL068513","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2016GL068513","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068513"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A major increase in winter snowfall during the middle Holocene on western Greenland caused by reduced sea ice in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["sea ice"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55090","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["68.6394","-50.9869"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-50.9869","maxElevationMeters":"56","minElevationMeters":"56","northernmostLatitude":"68.6394","southernmostLatitude":"68.6394","westernmostLongitude":"-50.9869"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30792","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/greenland/n3-2016biosi.txt","linkText":"Lake N3 Biogenic Silica Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on mean sediment age","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"replicate","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"}]}],"dataTableName":"N3BioSi","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":7809,"earliestYearBP":7809,"earliestYearCE":-5859,"mostRecentYear":339,"mostRecentYearBP":339,"mostRecentYearCE":1611,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30793","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/greenland/n3-2016c24d2h.txt","linkText":"Lake N3 d2H of C24 n-alkanoic Acid ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on mean sediment age","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"range upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"range lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>fatty acid>n-alkanoic acid>C24 n-alkanoic acid","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>fatty acid>n-alkanoic acid>C24 n-alkanoic acid","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"C24 n-alkanoic acid","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"}]}],"dataTableName":"N3C24d2H","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":7758,"earliestYearBP":7758,"earliestYearCE":-5808,"mostRecentYear":-51,"mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30794","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/greenland/n3-2016c26d2h.txt","linkText":"Lake N3 d2H of C26 n-alkanoic Acid ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on mean sediment age","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"range upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"range lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>fatty acid>n-alkanoic acid>C26 n-alkanoic acid","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>fatty acid>n-alkanoic acid>C26 n-alkanoic acid","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"C26 n-alkanoic acid","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"}]}],"dataTableName":"N3C26d2H","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":7758,"earliestYearBP":7758,"earliestYearCE":-5808,"mostRecentYear":-51,"mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30795","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/greenland/n3-2016c28d2h.txt","linkText":"Lake N3 d2H of C28 n-alkanoic Acid ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"range lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on mean sediment age","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"range upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>fatty acid>n-alkanoic acid>C28 n-alkanoic acid","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>fatty acid>n-alkanoic acid>C28 n-alkanoic acid","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"C28 n-alkanoic acid","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"}]}],"dataTableName":"N3C28d2H","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":7758,"earliestYearBP":7758,"earliestYearCE":-5808,"mostRecentYear":-51,"mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30796","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/greenland/n3-2016cn.txt","linkText":"Lake N3 Carbon and Nitrogen Data ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on mean sediment age","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>carbon>organic carbon"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>nitrogen"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>carbon/nitrogen"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"}]}],"dataTableName":"N3CN","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":7705,"earliestYearBP":7705,"earliestYearCE":-5755,"mostRecentYear":328,"mostRecentYearBP":328,"mostRecentYearCE":1622,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30797","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/greenland/n3-2016loi.txt","linkText":"Lake N3 Loss-On-Ignition Data ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on mean sediment age","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"550 degrees C","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"loss on ignition","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter"}]}],"dataTableName":"N3LOI","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":7901,"earliestYearBP":7901,"earliestYearCE":-5951,"mostRecentYear":328,"mostRecentYearBP":328,"mostRecentYearCE":1622,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30798","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/greenland/n3-2016mineral.txt","linkText":"Lake N3 Mineral Matter Data ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on mean sediment age","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"total sediment minus biogenic silica minus carbon minus nitrogen","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter"}]}],"dataTableName":"N3mineral","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":7901,"earliestYearBP":7901,"earliestYearCE":-5951,"mostRecentYear":339,"mostRecentYearBP":339,"mostRecentYearCE":1611,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lake N3"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lake N3, Greenland 7,800 Year Leaf Wax d2H and Geochemical Data","studyNotes":"Aquatic plant leaf wax hydrogen isotope (d2H) and geochemical data from sediments collected in lake N3, western Greenland. Data include hydrogen isotopes of the C24, C26, and C28 n-alkanoic acids (aquatic plant biomarkers), plus Loss-On-Ignition, Biogenic Silica, Carbon and Nitrogen concentrations and isotopes (d13C and d15N), and mineral matter concentration. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17941"}