{"NOAAStudyId":"21014","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-12-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-21014.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":220000,"earliestYearCE":-218050,"entryId":"noaa-lake-21014","funding":[],"investigators":"Förster, M.W.; Sirocko, F.","mostRecentYearBP":11000,"mostRecentYearCE":-9050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21014","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Tephra layers of individual volcanic eruptions are traced in several cores from Eifel maar lakes, drilled between 1998 and 2014 by the Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive (ELSA). All sediment cores are dated by 14C and tuned to the Greenland interstadial succession. Tephra layers were characterized by the petrographic composition of basement rock fragments, glass shards and characteristic volcanic minerals. 10 marker tephra, including the well-established Laacher See Tephra and Dümpelmaar Tephra can be identified in the cores spanning the last glacial cycle. Older cores down to the beginning of the Elsterian, show numerous tephra sourced from Strombolian and phreatomagmatic eruptions, including the 40Ar/39Ar dated differentiated tephra from Glees and Hüttenberg. In total, at least 91 individual tephra can be identified since the onset of the Eifel volcanic activity at about 500,000 b2k, which marks the end of the ELSA tephra stack with 35 Strombolian, 48 phreatomagmatic and 8 tephra layers of evolved magma composition. Many eruptions cluster near timings of the global climate transitions at 140,000, 110,000 and 60,000 b2k. In total, the eruptions show a pattern, which resembles timing of phases of global sea level and continental ice sheet changes, indicating a relation between endogenic and exogenic processes.","author":{"name":"Michael W. Förster, Frank Sirocko"},"citation":"Michael W. Förster, Frank Sirocko. 2016. The ELSA tephra stack: Volcanic activity in the Eifel during the last 500,000 years. Global and Planetary Change, 142, 100-107. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.07.012","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.07.012","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.07.012"},"issue":null,"journal":"Global and Planetary Change","pages":"100-107","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The ELSA tephra stack: Volcanic activity in the Eifel during the last 500,000 years","type":"publication","volume":"142"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56999","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["50.16","6.83"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"6.83","maxElevationMeters":"400","minElevationMeters":"400","northernmostLatitude":"50.16","southernmostLatitude":"50.16","westernmostLongitude":"6.83"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Germany","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31764","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>mineralogy"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/germany/elsa2016tephra.txt","linkText":"ELSA Tephra Stack","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"tephra marker layer; LST=Laacher See tephra  DMT=Dümpelmaar tephra  GLT=Glees tephra  HBT=Hüttenberg tephra","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter>volcanic material"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"UMT=Ulmer Maar tephra   DWT=Dreiser Weiher tephra UT2=unknown tephra 2  LcT=Leucite tephra","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter>volcanic material"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"WBT=Wartgesberg tephra   UT1=unknown tephra 1","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter>volcanic material"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"age before 2k","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Plinian tephra; 0=none and 1=present","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter>volcanic material"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Phreatomagmatic tephra","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter>volcanic material"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Strombolian tephra","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter>volcanic material"}]}],"dataTableName":"ELSA2016tephra","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":220000,"earliestYearBP":220000,"earliestYearCE":-218050,"mostRecentYear":11000,"mostRecentYearBP":11000,"mostRecentYearCE":-9050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Eifel"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive (ELSA) Tephra Stack","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"18931"}