{"NOAAStudyId":"21061","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-01-31","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-21061.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":5390,"earliestYearCE":-3440,"entryId":"noaa-lake-21061","funding":[],"investigators":"Bird, B.W.; Wilson, J.; Gilhooly, W.P.; Steinman, B.; Stamps, L.","mostRecentYearBP":-66,"mostRecentYearCE":2016,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21061","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Climate's influence on late Pre-Columbian (pre-1492 CE), maize-dependent Native American populations in the midcontinental United States (US) is poorly understood as regional paleoclimate records are sparse and/or provide conflicting perspectives. Here, we reconstruct regional changes in precipitation source and seasonality and local changes in warm-season duration and rainstorm events related to the Pacific North American pattern (PNA) using a 2100-year-long multi-proxy lake-sediment record from the midcontinental US. Wet midcontinental climate reflecting negative PNA-like conditions occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (950-1250 CE) as Native American populations adopted intensive maize agriculture, facilitating population aggregation and the development of urban centers between 1000-1200 CE. Intensifying midcontinental socio-political instability and warfare between 1250-1350 CE corresponded with drier positive PNA-like conditions, culminating in the staggered abandonment of many major Native American river valley settlements and large urban centers between 1350-1450 CE during an especially severe warm-season drought. We hypothesize that this sustained drought interval rendered it difficult to support dense populations and large urban centers in the midcontinental US by destabilizing regional agricultural systems, thereby contributing to the host of socio-political factors that led to population reorganization and migration in the midcontinent and neighboring regions shortly before European contact.","author":{"name":"Broxton W. Bird, Jeremy J. Wilson, William P. Gilhooly III, Byron A. Steinman, Lucas Stamps"},"citation":"Broxton W. Bird, Jeremy J. Wilson, William P. Gilhooly III, Byron A. Steinman, Lucas Stamps. 2017. Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes. Scientific Reports, 7, 41628. doi: 10.1038/srep41628","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/srep41628","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41628"},"issue":null,"journal":"Scientific Reports","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":"41628","title":"Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes","type":"publication","volume":"7"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57025","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["41.564","-85.383"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-85.383","maxElevationMeters":"274","minElevationMeters":"274","northernmostLatitude":"41.564","southernmostLatitude":"41.564","westernmostLongitude":"-85.383"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Indiana","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31924","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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