{"NOAAStudyId":"22275","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-07-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-22275.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":4653,"earliestYearCE":-2703,"entryId":"noaa-lake-22275","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"EAR 1445649"}],"investigators":"Bird, B.W.; Rudloff, O.; Escobar, J.; Gilhooly, W.P.; Correa-Metrio, A.; Vélez, M.; Polissar, P.J.","mostRecentYearBP":-65,"mostRecentYearCE":2015,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22275","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We investigated middle and late Holocene hydroclimate patterns in the Colombian Andes using indicators of watershed erosion (lithic abundance), precipitation intensity (% silt), lake-level variability (organic carbon and nitrogen, % sand, and diatoms), and fire frequency (fossil charcoal) from a ~4700-year-long sediment archive from Laguna de Ubaque, a small sub-alpine lake on the eastern flank of the eastern Colombian Andes. Our results indicate reduced precipitation, low lake levels and increased fire occurrence at Ubaque between 4700 and 3500 cal yr BP (hereafter BP). Precipitation increased and lake levels rose abruptly while fire occurrence decreased between 3500 and 2100 BP, with the exception of a 300-year dry phase between 2800 and 2500 BP. Although wetter than the 4700-3500 BP interval, precipitation decreased, lake levels fell, and fire occurrence increased after 2100 BP, but with high-frequency variability. Comparison of the Ubaque results with other Colombian paleoclimate records (e.g., Lakes Fúquene and La Cocha) supports an antiphase pattern of precipitation between the high/interior Andes and frontal slope sites. This spatial pattern of variability is consistent with modern responses to changes in terrestrial atmospheric convection associated with the so-called “dry island” effect. Further comparison with paleoclimate records from Venezuela suggest that the millennial trend toward increasing frontal slope precipitation is consistent with orbitally induced increases in Andean atmospheric convection. Sub-orbital dry island-like hydroclimate variability suggests other mechanisms that affect Northern Hemisphere convection may act to enhance or diminish this effect on centennial and shorter timescales. ","author":{"name":"Broxton W. Bird, Owen Rudloff, Jaime Escobar, William P. Gilhooly III, Alex Correa-Metrio, Maria Vélez, Pratigya J. Polissar"},"citation":"Broxton W. Bird, Owen Rudloff, Jaime Escobar, William P. Gilhooly III, Alex Correa-Metrio, Maria Vélez, Pratigya J. Polissar. 2017. Paleoclimate support for a persistent dry island effect in the Colombian Andes during the last 4700 years. The Holocene. . doi: 10.1177/0959683617721","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1177/0959683617721","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683617721"},"issue":null,"journal":"The Holocene","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Paleoclimate support for a persistent dry island effect in the Colombian Andes during the last 4700 years","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57274","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["4.499","-73.935"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-73.935","maxElevationMeters":"2070","minElevationMeters":"2070","northernmostLatitude":"4.499","southernmostLatitude":"4.499","westernmostLongitude":"-73.935"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Colombia","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33389","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/colombia/ubaque2017geochem.txt","linkText":"Laguna de Ubaque Geochemical Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Depth below 2013 sediment water interface","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Sediment age from Bechron age model","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"550 degrees C for 4 hours","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"loss on ignition","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"1000 degrees C for 2 hours","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"loss on ignition","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Dry bulk density","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment>dry sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per cubic centimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>density"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"lithics; dry sediment minus organic matter minus biogenic silica minus carbonates","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"laser particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class>clay"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"laser particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class>silt"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"laser particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class>sand"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Organic carbon to nitrogen ratio","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>carbon/nitrogen"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"total nitrogen","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"total nitrogen","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil AIR","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"charcoal abundance","cvDataType":"FIRE HISTORY|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"square millimeter per milliliter","cvWhat":"biological material>bulk biological material>charcoal"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/colombia/ubaque2017.xlsx","linkText":"Laguna de Ubaque All Data - Grain Size and Geochemical","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Ubaque2017geochem","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":4653,"earliestYearBP":4653,"earliestYearCE":-2703,"mostRecentYear":-65,"mostRecentYearBP":-65,"mostRecentYearCE":2015,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"33390","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/colombia/ubaque2017gs.txt","linkText":"Laguna de Ubaque Modern Transect Grain Size Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Transect sample ID number","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Depth from lake surface to sediment-water interface","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection water depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"10% of grains smaller than given particle diameter","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"laser particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"50% of grains smaller than given particle diameter","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"laser particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"90% of grains smaller than given particle diameter","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"laser particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"laser particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class>clay"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"laser particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class>silt"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"laser particle size analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class>sand"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/colombia/ubaque2017.xlsx","linkText":"Laguna de Ubaque All Data - Grain Size and Geochemical","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Ubaque2017GS","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":0,"earliestYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":1950,"mostRecentYear":-50,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Laguna de Ubaque"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Laguna de Ubaque, Colombia 4,700 Year Sediment Geochemical Data","studyNotes":"Sediment geochemical and physical properties data from Laguna de Ubaque, Colombia for the past 4,700 years","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20315"}