{"NOAAStudyId":"22432","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-07-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-22432.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1472,"earliestYearCE":478,"entryId":"noaa-lake-22432","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)","fundingGrant":"ANGRA04/056"},{"fundingAgency":"Australian Institute of Nuclear  Science and Engineering Research (AINSE)","fundingGrant":"AINSTU0104, AINGRA04094"}],"investigators":"Barr, C.; Tibby, J.; Gell, P.; Tyler, J.J.; Zawadzki, A.; Jacobson, G.E.","mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22432","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Climates of the last two millennia have been the focus of numerous studies due to the availability of high-resolution palaeoclimate records and the occurrence of divergent periods of climate, commonly referred to as the 'Medieval Climatic Anomaly' and 'The Little Ice Age'. The majority of these studies are centred in the Northern Hemisphere and, in comparison, the Southern Hemisphere is relatively under-studied. In Australia, there are few high-resolution, palaeoclimate studies spanning a millennium or more and, consequently, knowledge of long-term natural climate variability is limited for much of the continent. South-eastern Australia, which recently experienced a severe, decade-long drought, is one such region.\r\n\r\nResults are presented of investigations from two crater lakes in the south-east of mainland Australia. Fluctuations in lake-water conductivity, a proxy for effective moisture, are reconstructed at sub-decadal resolution over the past 1500 years using a statistically robust, diatom-conductivity transfer function. These data are interpreted in conjunction with diatom autecology. The records display coherent patterns of change at centennial scale, signifying that both lakes responded to regional-scale climate forcing, though the nature of that response varied between sites due to differing lake morphometry. Both sites provide evidence for a multi-decadal drought, commencing ca 650 AD, and a period of variable climate between ca 850 and 1400 AD. From ca 1400-1880 AD, coincident with the timing of the 'Little Ice Age', climates of the region are characterised by high effective moisture and a marked reduction in inter-decadal variability. The records provide context for climates of the historical period and reveal the potential for more extreme droughts and more variable climate than that experienced since European settlement of the region ca 170 years ago.","author":{"name":"Cameron Barr, John Tibby, Peter Gell, Jonathan Tyler, Atun Zawadzki, Geraldine E. Jacobson"},"citation":"Cameron Barr, John Tibby, Peter Gell, Jonathan Tyler, Atun Zawadzki, Geraldine E. Jacobson. 2014. Climate variability in south-eastern Australia over the last 1500 years inferred from the high-resolution diatom records of two crater lakes. Quaternary Science Reviews, 95, 115-131. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.05.001","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.05.001","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.05.001"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":"115-131","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Climate variability in south-eastern Australia over the last 1500 years inferred from the high-resolution diatom records of two crater lakes","type":"publication","volume":"95"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Jonathan J. Tyler, Keely Mills, Cameron Barr, J.M. Kale Sniderman, Peter A. Gell, David J. Karoly"},"citation":"Jonathan J. Tyler, Keely Mills, Cameron Barr, J.M. Kale Sniderman, Peter A. Gell, David J. Karoly. 2015. Identifying coherent patterns of environmental change between multiple, multivariate records: an application to four 1000-year diatom records from Victoria, Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews, 119, 94-105. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.010","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.010","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.010"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":"94-105","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Identifying coherent patterns of environmental change between multiple, multivariate records: an application to four 1000-year diatom records from Victoria, Australia","type":"publication","volume":"119"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57371","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-38.06","141.92"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"141.92","maxElevationMeters":"98","minElevationMeters":"98","northernmostLatitude":"-38.06","southernmostLatitude":"-38.06","westernmostLongitude":"141.92"}},"locationName":"Continent>Australia/New Zealand>Australia>Victoria","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33564","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/australia/surprise2014.txt","linkText":"Lake Surprise Salinity Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":"modern analogue technique","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"microsiemens per centimeter","cvWhat":"electrical property>electrical conductivity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"modern analogue technique","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"microsiemens per centimeter","cvWhat":"electrical property>electrical conductivity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Minimum Dissimilarity from closest modern analogue; Samples with minimum dissimilarity coefficient greater/equal to highest 10th percentile (131.493) are considered to have good modern analogues","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"dissimilarity measure","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":"modern analogue technique","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"electrical property>electrical conductivity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Minimum Dissimilarity from closest modern analogue; Samples with minimum dissimilarity coefficient greater/equal to highest 10th percentile (131.493) are considered to have good modern analogues","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"dissimilarity measure","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"modern analogue technique","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"electrical property>electrical conductivity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"Surprise2014","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1390,"earliestYearBP":1390,"earliestYearCE":560,"mostRecentYear":-54,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lake Surprise"},{"NOAASiteId":"57372","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-38.35","143"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"143","maxElevationMeters":"121","minElevationMeters":"121","northernmostLatitude":"-38.35","southernmostLatitude":"-38.35","westernmostLongitude":"143"}},"locationName":"Continent>Australia/New Zealand>Australia>Victoria","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33563","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/australia/elingamite2014.txt","linkText":"Lake Elingamite Salinity Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":"modern analogue technique","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"microsiemens per centimeter","cvWhat":"electrical property>electrical conductivity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"modern analogue technique","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"microsiemens per centimeter","cvWhat":"electrical property>electrical conductivity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Minimum Dissimilarity from closest modern analogue; Samples with minimum dissimilarity coefficient greater/equal to highest 10th percentile (131.493) are considered to have good modern analogues","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"dissimilarity measure","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":"modern analogue technique","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"electrical property>electrical conductivity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Minimum Dissimilarity from closest modern analogue; Samples with minimum dissimilarity coefficient greater/equal to highest 10th percentile (131.493) are considered to have good modern analogues","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"dissimilarity measure","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"modern analogue technique","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"electrical property>electrical conductivity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"Elingamite2014","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1472,"earliestYearBP":1472,"earliestYearCE":478,"mostRecentYear":-51,"mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lake Elingamite"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Southeast Australia 1,500 Year Crater Lake Salinity Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Diatom modern-analougue technique salinity reconstruction for 2 lakes in Victoria, southeast Australia, for the past 1,500 years.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20610"}