{"NOAAStudyId":"23080","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-11-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-23080.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":3113,"earliestYearCE":-1163,"entryId":"noaa-lake-23080","funding":[],"investigators":"Stevens, L.R.; Stone, J.R.; Fritz, S.C.","mostRecentYearBP":-42,"mostRecentYearCE":1992,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23080","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A 2200-yr long, high-resolution ( ~5 yr) record of drought variability in northwest Montana is inferred from diatoms and d18O values of bio- induced carbonate preserved in a varved lacustrine core from Foy Lake. A previously developed model of the diatom response to lake-level fluctuations is used to constrain estimates of paleolake levels derived from the diatom data. High-frequency (decadal) fluctuations in the de- trended d18O record mirror variations in wet/dry cycles inferred from Banff tree-rings, demonstrating the sensitivity of the oxygen-isotope values to changes in regional moisture balance. Low frequency (multi-centennial) isotopic changes may be associated with shifts in the seasonal distribution of precipitation. From 200 B.C. to A.D. 800, both diatom and isotope records indicate that climate was dry and lake level low, with poor diatom preservation and high organic carbon: nitrogen ratios. Subsequently, lake level rose slightly, although the climate was drier and more stable than modern conditions. At A.D. 1200, lake level increased to approximately 6 m below present elevation, after which the lake fluctuated between this elevation and full stage, with particularly cool and/or wetter conditions after 1700. The hydrologic balance of the lake shifted abruptly at 1894 because of the establishment of a lumber mill at the lake's outlet. Spectral analysis of the d18O data indicates that severe droughts occurred with multi-decadal (50 to 70 yr) frequency.","author":{"name":"Stevens, Lora R., Jeffery R. Stone, Josh Campbell, and Sherilyn C. Fritz"},"citation":"Stevens, Lora R., Jeffery R. Stone, Josh Campbell, and Sherilyn C. Fritz. 2006. A 2200-yr record of hydrologic variability from Foy Lake, Montana, USA, inferred from diatom and geochemical data. Quaternary Research, 65(2), 264-274. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.024","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.024","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.024"},"issue":"2","journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":"264-274","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A 2200-yr record of hydrologic variability from Foy Lake, Montana, USA, inferred from diatom and geochemical data","type":"publication","volume":"65"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57532","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["48.166667","-114.35"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-114.35","maxElevationMeters":"1006","minElevationMeters":"1006","northernmostLatitude":"48.166667","southernmostLatitude":"48.166667","westernmostLongitude":"-114.35"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Montana","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"34393","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/NAm2kHydro-2017/data-version-1.0.0/Foy.Stevens.2006.lpd","linkText":"Foy Lake, Montana d18O Data","urlDescription":"Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) File Format","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"sediments <63um","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/NAm2kHydro-2017/noaa-templates/data-version-1.0.0/Foy.Stevens.2006.txt","linkText":"Foy Lake, Montana d18O Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"sediments <63um","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"Foy.Stevens.2006","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":3113,"earliestYearBP":3113,"earliestYearCE":-1163,"mostRecentYear":-42,"mostRecentYearBP":-42,"mostRecentYearCE":1992,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Foy Lake, Montana"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Foy Lake, Montana Oxygen Isotope Data covering the last 2,200 years","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"21315"}