{"NOAAStudyId":"23090","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-11-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-23090.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1989,"earliestYearCE":-39,"entryId":"noaa-lake-23090","funding":[],"investigators":"Fritz, S.C.; Engstrom, D.R.; Grimm, E.C.","mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23090","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Reconstructions of lake-water salinity at decadal resolution for the last 2,000 years are compared among three lakes in North Dakota to infer regional patterns of drought. The intersite comparisons are used to distinguish local variation in climate or hydrology from regional patterns of change. At one lake, diatom-inferred salinity and lake-water Mg/Ca inferred from ostracode shell chemistry are coherent, both in terms of direction and magnitude of change, indicating that each is a robust technique for reconstructing lake-water chemistry. The data show that the last 2,000 years have been characterized by frequent shifts between high and low salinity, suggesting shifts between dry and moist periods. Long intervals of high salinity suggest periods of multiple decades when droughts were intense and frequent, thus indicating times when drought was more persistent than in the 20th century. Both the Medieval Period and Little Ice Age were hydrologically complex, and there is no clear evidence to suggest that either interval was coherent or unusual in effective moisture relative to long-term patterns. Differences among the three sites may be attributed to variation in local hydrology, and these differences emphasize the need for multiple sites in deriving regional climate interpretations from paleoecological data.","author":{"name":"Sherilyn C. Fritz, Emi Ito,Zicheng Yu,Kathleen R. Laird,Daniel R. Engstrom"},"citation":"Sherilyn C. Fritz, Emi Ito,Zicheng Yu,Kathleen R. Laird,Daniel R. Engstrom. 2000. Hydrologic Variation in the Northern Great Plains During the Last Two Millennia. Quaternary Research, 53(02), 175-184. doi: 10.1006/qres.1999.2115","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1006/qres.1999.2115","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2115"},"issue":"02","journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":"175-184","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2000,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Hydrologic Variation in the Northern Great Plains During the Last Two Millennia","type":"publication","volume":"53"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57554","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.01","-99.08"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-99.08","maxElevationMeters":"594","minElevationMeters":"594","northernmostLatitude":"46.01","southernmostLatitude":"46.01","westernmostLongitude":"-99.08"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>North Dakota","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"34516","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>lake salinity"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/NAm2kHydro-2017/data-version-1.0.0/Coldwater.Fritz.2000.lpd","linkText":"Coldwater Lake, Lake Salinity Data (LiPD Format)","urlDescription":"Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) File Format","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>lake salinity"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/NAm2kHydro-2017/noaa-templates/data-version-1.0.0/Coldwater.Fritz.2000.txt","linkText":"Coldwater Lake, Lake Salinity Data (NOAA Template Format)","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution 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variable>depth"}]}],"dataTableName":"Coldwater.Fritz.2000","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1989,"earliestYearBP":1989,"earliestYearCE":-39,"mostRecentYear":-41,"mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Coldwater Lake"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Coldwater Lake, Northern Great Plains, North America Past Two Millennia Hydrologic Data","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"21354"}