{"NOAAStudyId":"24476","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-08-02","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-24476.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2495,"earliestYearCE":-545,"entryId":"noaa-lake-24476","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"European Research Council","fundingGrant":"339694"}],"investigators":"Evans, N.P.; Bauska, T.K.; Gázquez-Sánchez, F.; Brenner, M.; Curtis, J.H.; Hodell, D.A.","mostRecentYearBP":-65,"mostRecentYearCE":2015,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/24476","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The demise of Lowland Classic Maya civilization during the Terminal Classic Period (~800 to 1000 CE) is a well-cited example of how past climate may have affected ancient societies. Attempts to estimate the magnitude of hydrologic change, however, have met with equivocal success because of the qualitative and indirect nature of available climate proxy data. We reconstructed the past isotopic composition (d18O, dD, 17O-excess, and d-excess) of water in Lake Chichancanab, Mexico, using a technique that involves isotopic analysis of the structurally bound water in sedimentary gypsum, which was deposited under drought conditions. The triple oxygen and hydrogen isotope data provide a direct measure of past changes in lake hydrology. We modeled the data and conclude that annual precipitation decreased between 41 and 54% (with intervals of up to 70% rainfall reduction during peak drought conditions) and that relative humidity declined by 2 to 7% compared to present-day conditions.","author":{"name":"Nicholas P. Evans, Thomas K. Bauska, Fernando Gázquez-Sánchez, Mark Brenner, Jason H. Curtis, David A. Hodell"},"citation":"Nicholas P. Evans, Thomas K. Bauska, Fernando Gázquez-Sánchez, Mark Brenner, Jason H. Curtis, David A. Hodell. 2018. Quantification of drought during the collapse of the classic Maya civilization. Science, 361(6401), 498-501. doi: 10.1126/science.aas9871","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.aas9871","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aas9871"},"issue":"6401","journal":"Science","pages":"498-501","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2018,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Quantification of drought during the collapse of the classic Maya civilization","type":"publication","volume":"361"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"8962","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["19.855","-88.763"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-88.763","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"19.855","southernmostLatitude":"19.855","westernmostLongitude":"-88.763"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Mexico>Yucatan","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"36573","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>hydrogen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/yucatan/chichancanab2018age.txt","linkText":"Lake Chichancanab BACON Age Model","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"max age 95% confidence interval","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"min age 95% confidence interval","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mean age","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"Chichancanab2018age","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-295,"earliestYearBP":2245,"earliestYearCE":-295,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"36574","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>hydrogen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/yucatan/chichancanab2018drought.txt","linkText":"Lake Chichancanab Inferred Probability of Drought","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"probability of drought","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>moisture index"}]}],"dataTableName":"Chichancanab2018drought","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-545,"earliestYearBP":2495,"earliestYearCE":-545,"mostRecentYear":1844,"mostRecentYearBP":106,"mostRecentYearCE":1844,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"36575","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>hydrogen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/yucatan/chichancanab2018gypsum.txt","linkText":"Lake Chichancanab Gypsum Hydration Water Isotopes","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"d17O of Gypsum Hydration Water","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>gypsum","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 17O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"d18O of Gypsum Hydration Water","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>gypsum","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"dD of Gypsum Hydration Water","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>gypsum","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"d17O of calculated mother water","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 17O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"d18O of calculated mother water","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"dD of calculated mother water","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"O17-excess of calculated mother water;  17O-excess = ln (δ17O + 1) – 0.528 ln (δ18O + 1)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per meg VSMOW/SLAP","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 17O>delta 17O excess"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"d-excess of calculated mother water","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H>deuterium excess"}]}],"dataTableName":"Chichancanab2018GypsumIso","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":602,"earliestYearBP":1348,"earliestYearCE":602,"mostRecentYear":1092,"mostRecentYearBP":858,"mostRecentYearCE":1092,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"36576","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>hydrogen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/yucatan/chichancanab2018water.txt","linkText":"Lake Chichancanab Water Isotopes","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Lake name or groundwater or rainwater","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree west","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 17O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 17O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H>deuterium excess"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":"cavity ring-down spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per meg VSMOW/SLAP","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 17O>delta 17O excess"}]}],"dataTableName":"Chichancanab2018WaterIso","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":2010,"earliestYearBP":-60,"earliestYearCE":2010,"mostRecentYear":2015,"mostRecentYearBP":-65,"mostRecentYearCE":2015,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Lake Chichancanab"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lake Chichancanab Terminal Classic Droughts Gypsum Hydration Water Isotopes","studyNotes":"Gypsum hydration water oxygen (d17O, d18O) and hydrogen (dD) isotopes from Lake Chichancanab, Yucatan, Mexico, for 602-1092 CE.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"22641"}