{"NOAAStudyId":"5476","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"1998-04-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-5476.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2310,"earliestYearCE":-360,"entryId":"noaa-lake-5476","funding":[],"investigators":"Laird, K.R.","mostRecentYearBP":-30,"mostRecentYearCE":1980,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5476","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"EXTREME large-scale droughts in North America, such as the 'Dust Bowl' of the 1930s, have been infrequent events within the documented history of the past few hundred years, yet this record may not be representative of long-term patterns of natural variation of drought intensity and frequency. In the Great Plains region of central North America, historical droughts have persisted longer than in any other part of the United States, but no detailed records of drought patterns in this region have hitherto been obtained that extend beyond the past 500 years. Here we present a reconstruction of drought intensity and frequency over the past 2,300 years in the Northern Great Plains, based on lake salinity fluctuations inferred from fossil diatom assemblages. This record, of sub-decadal resolution, suggests that extreme droughts of greater intensity than that of the 1930s were more frequent before AD 1200. This high frequency of extreme droughts persisted for centuries, and was most pronounced during AD 200-370, AD 700-850 and AD 1000-1200. We suggest that before AD 1200, the atmospheric circulation anomalies that produce drought today were more frequent and persistent.","author":null,"citation":"Laird, K.. 1996. Greater drought intensity and frequency before A.D. 1200 in the Northern Great Plains, U.S.A. Nature, 384, 552-554","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":1996,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Greater drought intensity and frequency before A.D. 1200 in the Northern Great Plains, U.S.A.","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"8928","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.8575","-98.15833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-98.15833","maxElevationMeters":"444","minElevationMeters":"444","northernmostLatitude":"46.8575","southernmostLatitude":"46.8575","westernmostLongitude":"-98.15833"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>North Dakota","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"8092","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/greatplains/moonlake/moonlake_salinity.txt","linkText":"moonlake_salinity.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per liter","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per liter","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from mean over length of record","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per liter","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from mean over length of record","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>lake water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per liter","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>lake level"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/greatplains/moonlake/readme_laird1996.txt","linkText":"readme_laird1996.txt","urlDescription":"Readme","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Moon Lake Core MOONLAK2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":2310,"earliestYearBP":2310,"earliestYearCE":-360,"mostRecentYear":-30,"mostRecentYearBP":-30,"mostRecentYearCE":1980,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Moon Lake, ND"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Moon Lake 2,000 Year Diatom Salinity-Drought Data","studyNotes":"Drought intensity and frequency on the Great Plains of North America inferred from Diatom derived salinity reconstructions in Moon Lake, North Dakota, USA","version":"1.0","xmlId":"654"}