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These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2002-11-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-5481.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":12644,"earliestYearCE":-10694,"entryId":"noaa-lake-5481","funding":[],"investigators":"Noren, A.; Bierman, P.R.; Steig, E.J.; Lini, A.; Southon, J.R.","mostRecentYearBP":1,"mostRecentYearCE":1949,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5481","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"For the purpose of detecting the effects of human activities on climate  change, it is important to document natural change in past climate.  In this context, it has proved particularly difficult to study the  variability in the occurrence of extreme climate events, such as storms  with exceptional rainfall. Previous investigations have established storm  chronologies using sediment cores from single lakes, but such studies  can be susceptible to local environmental bias. Here we date terrigenous  inwash layers in cores from 13 lakes, which show that the frequency of  storm-related floods in the northeastern United States has varied in  regular cycles during the past 13,000 years (13 kyr), with a  characteristic period of about 3 kyr. Our data show four peaks in  storminess during the past 14 kyr, approximately 2.6, 5.8, 9.1 and  11.9 kyr ago. This pattern is consistent with long-term changes in the  average sign of the Arctic Oscillation, suggesting that modulation of  this dominant atmospheric mode may account for a significant fraction  of Holocene climate variability in North America and Europe.","author":null,"citation":"Noren, A., P.R. Bierman, E.J. Steig, A. Lini, J.R. Southon. 2002. Millennial-scale Storminess Variability in the Northeastern United States during the Holocene Epoch. Nature Vol. 419, pp. 821 - 824","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2002,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Millennial-scale Storminess Variability in the Northeastern United States during the Holocene Epoch","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"8948","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["43.4833","-72.7"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-72.7","maxElevationMeters":"327","minElevationMeters":"327","northernmostLatitude":"43.4833","southernmostLatitude":"43.4833","westernmostLongitude":"-72.7"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Vermont","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7268","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical 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