{"NOAAStudyId":"6059","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2007-10-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-6059.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":373,"earliestYearCE":1577,"entryId":"noaa-lake-6059","funding":[],"investigators":"Blass, A.; Bigler, C.; Grosjean, M.; Sturm, M.","mostRecentYearBP":1,"mostRecentYearCE":1949,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6059","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A quantitative high-resolution autumn (SeptemberŋNovember) temperature reconstruction for the southeastern Swiss Alps back to AD 1580 is presented here.  We used the annually resolved biogenic silica (diatoms) flux derived from the accurately dated and annually sampled sediments ofLake Silvaplana (46°27'N, 9°48'E, 1800 m a.s.l.). The biogenic silica flux smoothed by means of a 9-yr running mean was calibrated (r=0.70, pb0.01) against local instrumental temperature data (AD 1864ŋ1949). The resulting reconstruction (ą2 standard errors=ą0.7°C) indicates that autumns during the late Little Ice Age were generally cooler than they were during the 20th century. During the cold anomaly around AD 1600 and during the Maunder Minimum, however, the reconstructed autumn temperatures did not experience strong negative departures from the 20th century mean. The warmest autumns prior to 1900 occurred around AD 1770 and 1820 (0.75 °C above the 20th-century mean). Our data agree closely with two other autumn temperature reconstructions for the Alps and for Europe that are based on documentary evidence and are completely unrelated to our data, revealing a very consistent picture over the centuries.","author":null,"citation":"Blass, A.,Bigler, C.,Grosjean, M.,Sturm, M. 2007. Decadal-scale autumn temperature reconstruction back to AD 1580 inferred from the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana (southeastern Swiss Alps). Quaternary Research, 68, 184-195.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Decadal-scale autumn temperature reconstruction back to AD 1580 inferred from the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana (southeastern Swiss Alps)","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19885","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.45","9.8"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"9.8","maxElevationMeters":"1800","minElevationMeters":"1800","northernmostLatitude":"46.45","southernmostLatitude":"46.45","westernmostLongitude":"9.8"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Switzerland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"8074","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/silvaplana2007.txt","linkText":"silvaplana2007.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"9 year running mean; based on biogenic silica","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Sep-Nov","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on biogenic silica","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":"two standard error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Sep-Nov","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"9 year running mean; based on biogenic silica","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on biogenic silica","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":"two standard error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Biogenic silica flux","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"milligram per square centimeter per year","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/silvaplana2007.xls","linkText":"silvaplana2007.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Lake Silvaplana Core SILVAPLA","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":373,"earliestYearBP":373,"earliestYearCE":1577,"mostRecentYear":1,"mostRecentYearBP":1,"mostRecentYearCE":1949,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lake Silvaplana"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lake Silvaplana, Switzerland 400 Year Annual Biogenic Silica and Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Annually resolved biogenic silica (diatoms) flux data and temperature \nreconstruction from Lake Silvaplana, Swiss Alps.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"630"}