{"NOAAStudyId":"6069","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2008-01-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-6069.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":371950,"earliestYearCE":-370000,"entryId":"noaa-lake-6069","funding":[],"investigators":"Fritz, S.C.; Baker, P.A.; Seltzer, G.O.; Ballantyne, A.; Tapia, P.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6069","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A 136-m-long drill core of sediments was recovered from tropical high-altitude Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, enabling a reconstruction of past climate that spans four cycles of regional glacial advance and retreat and that is estimated to extend continuously over the last 370,000 yr. \r\nWithin the errors of the age model, the periods of regional glacial advance and retreat are concordant respectively with global glacial and interglacial stages. Periods of ice advance in the southern tropical Andes generally were periods of positive water balance, as evidenced by deeper and fresher conditions in Lake Titicaca. Conversely, reduced glaciation occurred during periods of negative water balance and shallow closed-basin conditions in the lake. The apparent coincidence of positive water balance of Lake Titicaca and glacial growth in the adjacent Andes with Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion implies that regional water balance and glacial mass balance are strongly influenced by global-scale temperature changes, \r\nas well as by precessional forcing of the South American summer monsoon. ","author":{"name":"Fritz, S.C., P.A. Baker, G.O. Seltzer, A. Ballantyne, P. Tapia, H. Cheng, and R.L. Edwards"},"citation":"Fritz, S.C., P.A. Baker, G.O. Seltzer, A. Ballantyne, P. Tapia, H. Cheng, and R.L. Edwards. 2007. Quaternary glaciation and hydrologic variation in the South American\r\ntropics as reconstructed from the Lake Titicaca drilling project. Quaternary Research, 68, 410-420. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.07.008","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.yqres.2007.07.008","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.07.008"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":"410-420","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Quaternary glaciation and hydrologic variation in the South American\r\ntropics as reconstructed from the Lake Titicaca drilling project","type":"publication","volume":"68"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES LOTRED SA2k","PAGES 2k Network"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19889","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-15.93","-69.25"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-69.25","maxElevationMeters":"3810","minElevationMeters":"3810","northernmostLatitude":"-15.93","southernmostLatitude":"-15.93","westernmostLongitude":"-69.25"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Peru","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"8108","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2007.txt","linkText":"titicaca2007.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample 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carbonate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"freshwater planktic","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>diatom>diatom index>diatom tolerance-based index>total freshwater diatoms"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>diatom>diatom index>diatom tolerance-based index>total salinity indifferent diatoms"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"saline planktic","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>diatom>diatom index>diatom tolerance-based index>total saline diatoms"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>diatom>diatom index>diatom habitat-based index>total benthic diatoms"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless (SI system)","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic moments>magnetic susceptibility>volume magnetic susceptibility"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2007.xls","linkText":"titicaca2007.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Core LT01-2B","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":371950,"earliestYearBP":371950,"earliestYearCE":-370000,"mostRecentYear":-50,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lake Titicaca Core LT01-2B"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lake Titicaca 370KYr LT01-2B Sediment Data","studyNotes":"Carbon and diatom data from 136m long sediment core LT01-2B, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru, covering approximately 370,000 years.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"644"}