{"NOAAStudyId":"9950","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-08-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lake-9950.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":59891,"earliestYearCE":-57941,"entryId":"noaa-lake-9950","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Fritz, S.C.; Baker, P.A.; Ekdahl, E.; Seltzer, G.O.; Stevens, L.R.","mostRecentYearBP":10034,"mostRecentYearCE":-8084,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9950","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Millennial-scale climate variation during the Last Glacial period \nis evident in many locations worldwide, but it is unclear if such \nvariation occurred in the interior of tropical South America, \nand, if so, how the low-latitude variation was related to its \nhigh-latitude counterpart. A high-resolution record, derived \nfrom the deep drilling of sediments on the floor of Lake Titicaca \nin the southern tropical Andes, is presented that shows clear \nevidence of millennial-scale climate variation between ~60 \nand 20 ka BP.  This variation is manifested by alternations \nof two interbedded sedimentary units. The two units have \ndistinctive sedimentary, geochemical, and paleobiotic properties \nthat are controlled by the relative abundance of terrigenous \nor nearshore components versus pelagic components. The sediments \nof more terrigenous or nearshore nature likely were deposited \nduring regionally wetter climates when river transport of water \nand sediment was higher, whereas the sediments of more pelagic \ncharacter were deposited during somewhat drier climates regionally. \nThe majority of the wet periods inferred from the Lake Titicaca \nsediment record are correlated with the cold events in the \nGreenland ice cores and North Atlantic sediment cores, indicating \nthat increased intensity of the South American summer monsoon \nwas part of near-global scale climate excursions. \n","author":null,"citation":"Fritz, S.C., P.A. Baker, E. Ekdahl, G.O. Seltzer, \nand L.R. Stevens. 2010.  \nMillennial-scale climate variability during the last glacial \nperiod in the tropical Andes.  \nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 29, pp. 1017-1024. \ndoi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.01.001 \n\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.01.001 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.01.001 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Millennial-scale climate variability during the last glacial  period in the tropical Andes","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES LOTRED SA2k","Tropics","PAGES 2k Network","Glacial"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19889","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-15.93","-69.25"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-69.25","maxElevationMeters":"3810","minElevationMeters":"3810","northernmostLatitude":"-15.93","southernmostLatitude":"-15.93","westernmostLongitude":"-69.25"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Peru","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18797","coreLengthMeters":136,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>population abundance","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2010.txt","linkText":"titicaca2010.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>organic matter","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size parameter>grain size mean"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>diatom>diatom index>diatom habitat-based index>total planktic diatoms"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"saline planktic","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>diatom>diatom index>diatom tolerance-based index>total saline diatoms"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>diatom>diatom index>diatom habitat-based index>total benthic diatoms"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"freshwater planktic","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>diatom>diatom index>diatom tolerance-based index>total freshwater diatoms"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>population abundance","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleolimnology>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2010.xls","linkText":"titicaca2010.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"LT01-2B","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":59891,"earliestYearBP":59891,"earliestYearCE":-57941,"mostRecentYear":10034,"mostRecentYearBP":10034,"mostRecentYearCE":-8084,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Lake Titicaca Core LT01-2B"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lake Titicaca 20-60KYrBP Biogenic Silica and Grain Size Data","studyNotes":"Biogenic silica, grain size, and diatom data from 136m long sediment core \nLT01-2B, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru, drilled in April and May 2001, \ncovering ~60 - 20 KYrBP.  d13C data is from P.A. Baker, diatom and BiSiO2 \ndata is from S.C. Fritz, and grain size data from G.O. Seltzer.  \n\nAdditional information on the LT01-2B drill cores, age model \ndevelopment, and additional core data are included with \nFritz et al. 2007 Lake Titicaca data set: \nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2007.txt\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8844"}