{"NOAAStudyId":"23075","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-11-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"LAKE LEVELS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/lake-level-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-lakelevel-23075.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":6449,"earliestYearCE":-4499,"entryId":"noaa-lakelevel-23075","funding":[],"investigators":"Schmieder, J.; Fritz, S.C.; Swinehart, J.B.; Shinneman, A.L.C.; Wolfe, A.P.; Miller, G.H.; Daniels, N.; Jacobs, K.C.; Grimm, E.C.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23075","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"High-resolution paleohydrological reconstructions were carried out in five shallow lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills across an east–west transect in order to 1) determine whether long-term droughts of the past 4000 years were spatially and temporally coherent across the region, 2) distinguish local variation in climate or hydrology from regional patterns of change, and 3) compare the paleolimnological results with the existing dune-inferred drought records. Diatom- inferred lake-level was reconstructed for all sites and compared with other regional records. Alterations between high and low lake-levels were frequent during the past 4000 years, which suggests that shifts between dry and wet periods were prevalent across the Sand Hills. Extended multi-decadal to centennial-scale droughts were more common prior to 2000 years BP, while the last two millennia were hydrologically more variable and climate conditions alternated on shorter timescales. Despite some discrepancies among the five records, the paleohydrological reconstructions refine the Holocene drought history of the Nebraska Sand Hills, particularly between ~2200 and 4000 cal a BP. Many of the observed drought events are contemporaneous with severe droughts documented at sites in the northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountains, lending support for the severity and regional significance of these events in western North America.","author":{"name":"Schmieder, J.; Fritz, S.C.; Swinehart, J.B.; Shinneman, A.L.C.; Wolfe, A.P.; Miller, G.; Daniels, N.; Jacobs, K.C.; and Grimm, E.C."},"citation":"Schmieder, J.; Fritz, S.C.; Swinehart, J.B.; Shinneman, A.L.C.; Wolfe, A.P.; Miller, G.; Daniels, N.; Jacobs, K.C.; and Grimm, E.C. 2011. A regional-scale climate reconstruction of the last 4000 years from lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(13-14), 1797-1812. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.011","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.011","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.011"},"issue":"13-14","journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":"1797-1812","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A regional-scale climate reconstruction of the last 4000 years from lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA","type":"publication","volume":"30"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57528","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["42.165278","-99.035"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-99.035","maxElevationMeters":"702","minElevationMeters":"702","northernmostLatitude":"42.165278","southernmostLatitude":"42.165278","westernmostLongitude":"-99.035"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Nebraska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"34374","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>lake levels"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/NAm2kHydro-2017/data-version-1.0.0/SwanLake.Schmieder.2011.lpd","linkText":"Swan Lake, NE Lake Level Data","urlDescription":"Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) File Format","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>lake level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>lake level"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>lake levels"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/NAm2kHydro-2017/noaa-templates/data-version-1.0.0/SwanLake.Schmieder.2011.txt","linkText":"Swan Lake, NE Lake Level Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"diatom-inferred lake level","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|LAKE LEVELS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>lake level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Z-score; 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