{"NOAAStudyId":"16276","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-03-24","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoclimatology-modeling","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-model-16276.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"entryId":"noaa-model-16276","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ARC-0713951 and ARC-0713971"},{"fundingAgency":"National Center for Atmospheric Research Computational Information Systems Labor","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Morrill, C.; LeGrande, A.N.; Renssen, H.; Bakker, P.; Otto-Bliesner, B.L.","mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16276","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We compared four simulations of the 8.2 ka event to assess climate model sensitivity and skill in responding to North Atlantic freshwater perturbations. All of the simulations used the same freshwater forcing, 2.5 Sv for one year, applied to either the Hudson Bay (northeastern Canada) or Labrador Sea (between Canada's Labrador coast and Greenland). This freshwater pulse induced a decadal-mean slowdown of 10–25% in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of the models and caused a large-scale pattern of climate anomalies that matched proxy evidence for cooling in the Northern Hemisphere and a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The multi-model ensemble generated temperature anomalies that were just half as large as those from quantitative proxy reconstructions, however. Also, the duration of AMOC and climate anomalies in three of the simulations was only several decades, significantly shorter than the duration of ~150 yr in the paleoclimate record. Possible reasons for these discrepancies include incorrect representation of the early Holocene climate and ocean state in the North Atlantic and uncertainties in the freshwater forcing estimates.","author":{"name":"Morrill, C., A.N. LeGrande, H. Renssen, P. Bakker, and B.L. Otto-Bliesner"},"citation":"Morrill, C., A.N. LeGrande, H. Renssen, P. Bakker, and B.L. Otto-Bliesner. 2013. Model sensitivity to North Atlantic freshwater forcing at 8.2ka. Climate of the Past, 9, 955-968. doi: 10.5194/cp-9-955-2013","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-9-955-2013","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-955-2013"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"955-968","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Model sensitivity to North Atlantic freshwater forcing at 8.2ka","type":"publication","volume":"9"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["abrupt climate change"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"-90","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26168","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>model>atmosphere model","earth science>paleoclimate>model>ocean model"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/morrill2013/","linkText":"netCDF Files","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water>sea surface","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>sea ice cover"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"cubic meter per second","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>meridional overturning streamfunction"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter per year","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter per year","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>model>atmosphere model","earth science>paleoclimate>model>ocean model"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/morrill2013/morrill2013-readme.txt","linkText":"Readme File","urlDescription":"Study Description","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>model>ocean model","earth science>paleoclimate>model>atmosphere model"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/morrill2013/ncl-scripts/","linkText":"NCL Scripts to Make Figures","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"8.2ka NAtlantic Morrill2013","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"species":[],"timeUnit":null}],"siteName":"Global"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"North Atlantic Freshwater Forcing Model Data at 8.2ka","studyNotes":"File names generally follow CMIP5/PMIP3 conventions, using the following abbreviations:\n \n Omon = ocean variables at monthly resolution (sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, sea ice area percent)\n Oyr = ocean variables at annual resolution (meridional overturning streamfunction)\n Amon = atmosphere variables at monthly resolution (near surface air temperature, precipitation)\n Ayr = atmosphere variables at annual resolution (near surface air temperature, precipitation)\n\n ehControl = Early Holocene (8.5 ka) control simulation\n ehMWP = Early Holocene meltwater pulse experiment\n piControl = PreIndustrial control simulation\n piMWP = PreIndustrial meltwater pulse experiment\n \n r<N>i<M>p<L> = Ensemble member designation, with N representing realization number, M representing initial condition method, and L representing \"perturbed physics\" number\n \n Note that GISS Model-E-R output are provided as multi-decadal or decadal averages of either monthly (Omon, Amon) or annual (Oyr) means. \n Multi-decadal (30-year) averages are provided for the control simulation and decadal (10-year) averages for the meltwater pulse experiment. \n Also, please note that anomalies for the GISS Model-E-R must be calculated as the 10-yr mean of the MWP experiment less the 30-yr mean of the closest control years. \n See provided ncl scripts (fig1_Morrill_etal_2013.ncl, etc) for more details on how to calculate GISS Model-E-R anomalies.\n\n  DATA FILE LIST (sizes in MB and names)\n \n 0.1\t8ka-precip-ensemble.nc\n 0.1\t8ka-temp-ensemble.nc\n 68.9 \tCCSM_Amon_ehControl_r1i1p1.nc\n 69.0\tCCSM_Amon_ehControl_r1i2p1.nc\n 34.5\tCCSM_Amon_ehMWP_r1i1p1.nc\n 69.0\tCCSM_Amon_ehMWP_r1i2p1.nc\n 851.5 \tCCSM_Omon_ehControl_r1i1p1.nc\n 853.7\tCCSM_Omon_ehControl_r1i2p1.nc\n 426.7 \tCCSM_Omon_ehMWP_r1i1p1.nc\n 427.4   CCSM_Omon_ehMWP_r1i2p1.nc\n 15.0\tCCSM_Oyr_ehControl_r1i1p1.nc\n 20.0\tCCSM_Oyr_ehControl_r1i2p1.nc\n 5.0 \tCCSM_Oyr_ehMWP_r1i1p1.nc\n 10.0\tCCSM_Oyr_ehMWP_r1i2p1.nc\n 6.1\tGISS-E-R_Amon_piControl_r1i1p1.nc\n 5.5\tGISS-E-R_Amon_piMWP_r1i1p1.nc\n 4.4\tGISS-E-R_Omon_piControl_r1i1p1.nc\n 4.0\tGISS-E-R_Omon_piMWP_r1i1p1.nc\n 0.3\tGISS-E-R_Oyr_piControl_r1i1p1.nc\n 0.3\tGISS-E-R_Oyr_piMWP_r1i1p1.nc\n 8.3\tLOVECLIM_Ayr_ehControl_r1i1p1.nc\n 8.3\tLOVECLIM_Ayr_ehMWP_r1i1p1.nc\n 350.5\tLOVECLIM_Omon_ehControl_r1i1p1.nc\n 350.9\tLOVECLIM_Omon_ehMWP_r1i1p1.nc\n 1.4\tLOVECLIM_Oyr_ehControl_r1i1p1.nc\n 1.4\tLOVECLIM_Oyr_ehMWP_r1i1p1.nc","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14002"}