{"NOAAStudyId":"17193","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-09-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoclimatology-modeling","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-model-17193.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"entryId":"noaa-model-17193","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Merit Allocation Scheme of the NCI National Facility at the Australian National ","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Heikkilä, U.; Smith, A.M.; Phipps, S.J.","mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17193","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Heikkilä, U., X. Shi, S.J. Phipps, and A.M. Smith"},"citation":"Heikkilä, U., X. Shi, S.J. Phipps, and A.M. Smith. 2014. 10Be in late deglacial climate simulated by ECHAM5-HAM – Part 2: Isolating the solar signal from 10Be deposition. Climate of the Past, 10, 687-696. doi: 10.5194/cp-10-687-2014","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-10-687-2014","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-687-2014"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"687-696","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"10Be in late deglacial climate simulated by ECHAM5-HAM – Part 2: Isolating the solar signal from 10Be deposition","type":"publication","volume":"10"},{"abstract":"Reconstruction of solar irradiance has only been possible for the Holocene so far. During the last deglaciation, two solar proxies (10Be and 14C) deviate strongly, both of them being influenced by climatic changes in a different way. This work addresses the climate influence on 10Be deposition by means of ECHAM5-HAM atmospheric aerosol–climate model simulations, forced by sea surface temperatures and sea ice extent created by the CSIRO Mk3L coupled climate system model. Three time slice simulations were performed during the last deglaciation: 10 000 BP (\"10k\"), 11 000 BP (\"11k\") and 12 000 BP (\"12k\"), each 30 yr long. The same, theoretical, 10Be production rate was used in each simulation to isolate the impact of climate on 10Be deposition. The changes are found to follow roughly the reduction in the greenhouse gas concentrations within the simulations. The 10k and 11k simulations produce a surface cooling which is symmetrically amplified in the 12k simulation. The precipitation rate is only slightly reduced at high latitudes, but there is a northward shift in the polar jet in the Northern Hemisphere, and the stratospheric westerly winds are significantly weakened. These changes occur where the sea ice change is largest in the deglaciation simulations. This leads to a longer residence time of 10Be in the stratosphere by 30 (10k and 11k) to 80 (12k) days, increasing the atmospheric concentrations (25–30% in 10k and 11k and 100% in 12k). Furthermore the shift of westerlies in the troposphere leads to an increase of tropospheric 10Be concentrations, especially at high latitudes. The contribution of dry deposition generally increases, but decreases where sea ice changes are largest. In total, the 10Be deposition rate changes by no more than 20% at mid- to high latitudes, but by up to 50% in the tropics. We conclude that on \"long\" time scales (a year to a few years), climatic influences on 10Be deposition remain small (less than 50%) even though atmospheric concentrations can vary significantly. Averaged over a longer period, all 10Be produced has to be deposited by mass conservation. This dominates over any climatic influences on 10Be deposition. Snow concentrations, however, do not follow mass conservation and can potentially be impacted more by climate due to precipitation changes. Quantifying the impact of deglacial climate modulation on 10Be in terms of preserving the solar signal locally is analysed in an accompanying paper (Heikkilä et al., 10Be in late deglacial climate simulated by ECHAM5-HAM – Part 2: Isolating the solar signal from 10Be deposition).","author":{"name":"Heikkilä, U., S.J. Phipps, and A.M. Smith"},"citation":"Heikkilä, U., S.J. Phipps, and A.M. Smith. 2013. 10Be in late deglacial climate simulated by ECHAM5-HAM – Part 1: Climatological influences on 10Be deposition. Climate of the Past, 9, 2641-2649. doi: 10.5194/cp-9-2641-2013","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-9-2641-2013","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2641-2013"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"2641-2649","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"10Be in late deglacial climate simulated by ECHAM5-HAM – Part 1: Climatological influences on 10Be deposition","type":"publication","volume":"9"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"-90","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27417","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter per day","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/heikkila2014/heikkila2014.txt","linkText":"Metadata","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"ECHAM5-HAM 10Be H14","dataTableNotes":"The deglacial climate is represented by three 30 year time slice simulations of 10 000 BP (years before present = 1950 CE), 11 000 and 12 000 BP, compared with a preindustrial control simulation.","earliestYear":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"species":[],"timeUnit":null}],"siteName":"Global"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Solar proxy Beryllium-10 in late deglacial climate simulated by ECHAM5-HAM","studyNotes":"This model experiment consists of four 30-year time window simulations:\r\n\r\n 1) \"ctrl\" - a preindustrial control simulation: preindustrial aerosol load (AEROCOM: http://nansen.ipsl.jussieu.fr/AEROCOM) and greenhouse gas concentrations: \r\n CH4: 760.0 ppb, CO2: 280.0 ppm, N2O: 270.0 ppb\r\n 2) \"10k\" - 10'000 years before present (BP, 1950CE)\r\n CH4: 702.9 ppb, CO2: 265.0 ppm, N2O: 269.9 ppb \r\n 3) \"11k\" - 11'000 years BP\r\n CH4: 701.3 ppb, CO2: 263.0 ppm, N2O: 267.8 ppb\r\n 4) \"12k\" - 12'000 years BP\r\n CH4: 479.3 ppb, CO2: 240.6 ppm, N2O: 242.3 ppb\r\n For all further details we refer to Heikkilä et al., 2013, 2014 and references therein.\r\n\r\n Resolution:\r\n Gaussian 128 x 64 grid (ca. 2.8 degrees or roughly 300km at Equator), 31 vertical levels up to 10hPa (ca. 30km). Monthly means over a pseudo 30-yr period.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14840"}