{"NOAAStudyId":"18719","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-05-22","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoclimatology-modeling","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-model-18719.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":21000,"earliestYearCE":-19050,"entryId":"noaa-model-18719","funding":[],"investigators":"Schmittner, A.; Green, J.A.M.; Wilmes, S.-B.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18719","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Due to lower sea levels during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), tidal energy dissipation was shifted from the shallow margins into the deep ocean. Here using a high-resolution tide model, we estimate that global energy fluxes below 200?m depth were almost quadrupled during the LGM. Applying the energy fluxes to a consistent tidal mixing parameterization of a global climate model results in a large intensification of mixing. Global mean vertical diffusivity increases by more than a factor of 3, and consequently, the simulated meridional overturning circulation accelerates by ~21–46%. In the model, these effects are at least as important as those from changes in surface boundary conditions. Our findings contrast with the prevailing view that the abyssal LGM circulation was more sluggish. We conclude that changes in tidal mixing are an important mechanism that may have strongly increased the glacial deep ocean circulation and should no longer be neglected in paleoclimate simulations.\r\n","author":{"name":"Schmittner, A., J.A.M. Green, and S.-B. Wilmes"},"citation":"Schmittner, A., J.A.M. Green, and S.-B. Wilmes. 2015. Glacial ocean overturning intensified by tidal mixing in a global circulation model. Geophysical Research Letters, 42. doi: 10.1002/2015GL063561","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2015GL063561","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063561"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Glacial ocean overturning intensified by tidal mixing in a global circulation model","type":"publication","volume":"42"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Last Glacial Maximum"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"-90","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"29094","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>model>ocean model"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/schmittner2015/","linkText":"Data and Supporting Code","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"for depths > 500m; sum of M2 S2 K1 and O1","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>kinetic energy dissipation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"for depths > 500m; M2","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>kinetic energy dissipation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"for depths > 500m; S2","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>kinetic energy dissipation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"for depths > 500m; K1","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>kinetic energy dissipation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"for depths > 500m; O1","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>kinetic energy dissipation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"sum of M2 S2 K1 and O1","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt per square meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>kinetic energy dissipation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"M2","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt per square meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>kinetic energy dissipation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"S2","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt per square meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>kinetic energy dissipation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"K1","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt per square meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>kinetic energy dissipation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"O1","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt per square meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>kinetic energy dissipation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"land mask","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>surface type"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>model>ocean model"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/schmittner2015/schmittner2015.txt","linkText":"Study Description","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Tidal Dissipation Schmittner2015","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":21000,"earliestYearBP":21000,"earliestYearCE":-19050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Global"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Global Ocean Tidal Energy Dissipation Model Data for the Present and Last Glacial Maximum","studyNotes":"This dataset includes three directories:\n1) orig/ includes the original netcdf datafiles from the tide model\n       and files used to convert them to ascii output.\n       Contains tidal dissipation files including only IT drag\n       obtained from Sophie-Bernice Wilmes\n\n        dissipation_00.0kyrBP_ITfricPD_I0.02_191556.nc\n        dissipation_21.0kyrBP_ITfricLGM0_I0.02_583323.nc\n\n      First used ferret and the script read_diss_ITfric.jnl to produce\n      the files ITfric*inverse*.txt. Then I used the fortran program flip_lat.f\n      to produce the files ITfric*.txt. Next I used make_diss.jnl to produce the\n      diss.nc files in the pd/ and lgm/ directories. Appropriate lines in the\n      scripts and fortran code need to be commented out.\n 2) pd/ includes the present day data averaging on the UVic model grid\n        including sub-gridscale bathymetry\n 3) lgm/ as for pd/ but for LGM data","version":"1.0","xmlId":"16416"}