{"NOAAStudyId":"18776","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-06-12","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoclimatology-modeling","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-model-18776.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":100000000,"earliestYearCE":-99998050,"entryId":"noaa-model-18776","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"F035175, F033663"}],"investigators":"Poulsen, C.J.; Tabor, C.R.; White, J.D.","mostRecentYearBP":94000000,"mostRecentYearCE":-93998050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18776","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The percentage of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere varied between 10% and 35% throughout the Phanerozoic. These changes have been linked to the evolution, radiation, and size of animals but have not been considered to affect climate. We conducted simulations showing that modulation of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), as a result of its contribution to atmospheric mass and density, influences the optical depth of the atmosphere. Under low pO2 and a reduced-density atmosphere, shortwave scattering by air molecules and clouds is less frequent, leading to a substantial increase in surface shortwave forcing. Through feedbacks involving latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere and marine stratus clouds, surface shortwave forcing drives increases in atmospheric water vapor and global precipitation, enhances greenhouse forcing, and raises global surface temperature. Our results implicate pO2 as an important factor in climate forcing throughout geologic time.","author":{"name":"Christopher J. Poulsen, Clay Tabor, and Joseph D. White"},"citation":"Christopher J. Poulsen, Clay Tabor, and Joseph D. White. 2015. Long-term climate forcing by atmospheric oxygen concentrations. 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MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"kilogram per kilogram","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate quantity>cloud condensed water content>cloud liquid water content"}]}],"dataTableName":"Poulsen2015GCM","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":100000000,"earliestYearBP":100000000,"earliestYearCE":-99998050,"mostRecentYear":94000000,"mostRecentYearBP":94000000,"mostRecentYearCE":-93998050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Global"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Genesis v.3 Late Cretaceous Climate Simulations","studyNotes":"Climate Simulations using the Genesis v.3 model for Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous, ~94-100 million years before present). \nClimate model output netCDF filenames and boundary conditions are as follows:\n\nSimulation\tAge\tCO2\tO2\tCH4\tN2O\tLuminosity\tObliquity\tEccentricity\tYears\n2CO2_10O.041-060.nc\tCenomanian\t1120\t10\t741\t325\t1354\t23.5\t0\t41-60\n2CO2_21O.041-060.nc\tCenomanian\t1120\t21\t650\t285\t1354\t23.5\t0\t41-60\n2CO2_35O.041-060.nc\tCenomanian\t1120\t35\t535\t234\t1354\t23.5\t0\t41-60\n2CO2_10O.041-060LSX.nc\tCenomanian\t1120\t10\t741\t325\t1354\t23.5\t0\t41-60\n2CO2_21O.041-060LSX.nc\tCenomanian\t1120\t21\t650\t285\t1354\t23.5\t0\t41-60\n2CO2_35O.041-060LSX.nc\tCenomanian\t1120\t35\t535\t234\t1354\t23.5\t0\t41-60\n\nNote: Each netcdf file contains 20-yr means of monthly average atmospheric or land surface (LSX) parameters. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"16499"}