{"NOAAStudyId":"9969","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-07-08","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoclimatology-modeling","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-model-9969.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":245,"earliestYearCE":1705,"entryId":"noaa-model-9969","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Heikkilä, U.; Beer, J.","mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9969","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"All existing 10Be records from Greenland and\nAntarctica show increasing concentrations during the Maunder\nMinimum period (MM), 1645-1715, when solar activity\nwas very low and the climate was colder (little ice age). In\ndetail, however, the 10Be records deviate from each other.\nWe investigate to what extent climatic changes influence\nthe 10Be measured in ice by modeling this period using the\nECHAM5-HAM general circulation model. Production calculations\nshow that during the MM the mean global 10Be\nproduction was higher by 32% than at present due to lower\nsolar activity. Our modeling shows that the zonally averaged\nmodeled 10Be deposition flux deviates by only ~8% from the\naverage increase of 32%, indicating that climatic effects are\nmuch smaller than the production change. Due to increased\nstratospheric production, the 10Be content in the downward\nfluxes is larger during MM, leading to larger 10Be deposition\nfluxes in the subtropics, where stratosphere-troposphere exchange\n(STE) is strongest. In polar regions the effect is small.\nIn Greenland the deposition change depends on latitude and\naltitude. In Antarctica the change is larger in the east than in\nthe west. We use the 10Be/7Be ratio to study changes in STE.\nWe find larger change between 20N-40N during spring,\npointing to a stronger STE in the Northern Hemisphere during\nMM. In the Southern Hemisphere the change is small.\nThese findings indicate that climate changes do influence the\n10Be deposition fluxes, but not enough to significantly disturb\nthe production signal. Climate-induced changes remain\nsmall, especially in polar regions.","author":null,"citation":"Heikkilä, U., J. Beer, and J. Feichter. 2008. \nModeling cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be and 7Be during the \nMaunder Minimum using the ECHAM5-HAM General Circulation Model. \nAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 2797-2809. \ndoi:10.5194/acp-8-2797-2008.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/acp-8-2797-2008","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2797-2008"},"issue":null,"journal":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Modeling cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be and 7Be during the  Maunder Minimum using the ECHAM5-HAM General Circulation Model","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"-90","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"32603","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>model>atmosphere model"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/heikkila2010/","linkText":"Data Folder","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Total deposition of Be-10 (wet + dry + sed)","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per square meter per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>10Be"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Total deposition of Be-7 (wet + dry + sed)","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per square meter per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>7Be"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter per day","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Total deposition of Be-10 (wet + dry + sed)","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per square meter per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>10Be"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Total deposition of Be-7 (wet + dry + sed)","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per square meter per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>7Be"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter per day","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Total deposition of Pb-210 (wet + dry + sed","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per square meter per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>210Pb"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Total deposition of Pb-210 (wet + dry + sed","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per square meter per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>210Pb"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Total deposition of Cl-36 (wet + dry + sed)","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per square meter per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>36Cl"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Total deposition of Cl-36 (wet + dry + sed)","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per square meter per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>36Cl"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"pascal","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>surface pressure"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Chlorine-36; particulate","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"monthly","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per kilogram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>36Cl"}]}],"dataTableName":"Heikkila2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1705,"earliestYearBP":245,"earliestYearCE":1705,"mostRecentYear":2003,"mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Global"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Cosmogenic Radionuclides Atmospheric Transport Model Output","studyNotes":"Model results for the atmospheric transport of cosmogenic radionuclides \nBe-10, Be-7, Cl-36 performed using the ECHAM5-HAM general circulation \nmodel, developed at the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology \n(http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/). Please refer to Heikkilä, U., J. Beer, and J. Feichter. 2008. Modeling cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be and 7Be during the Maunder Minimum using the ECHAM5-HAM General Circulation Model. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 2797-2809. doi:10.5194/acp-8-2797-2008, for a detailed description of the data.\n\n\nData from the following experiments is available: \n\n1) The simulated bomb test peak of Chlorine-36 during the years \n   1952-1972. See  Heikkilä, U., Beer, J., Feichter, J., Alfimov, V., Synal, H.-A., Schotterer, U., Eichler, A., Schwikowski, M., and Thompson, L.: 36Cl bomb peak: comparison of modeled and measured data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4145-4156, doi:10.5194/acp-9-4145-2009, 2009.\n\nAvailable files: \ncl36_air_conc_1952-1972_monthly.nc \n- monthly mean Cl-36 atmospheric concentrations (atoms/kg) \n  at 39 model levels up to 0.01 hPa (ca. 80 km). \n  (Note: large file, 329MB) \n  (Note: data for March 1959 are not present in this file) \n\n\ncl36_flux_1952-1972_monthly.nc \ncl36_flux_1952-1972_annual.nc \n- monthly and annual mean Cl-36 atmospheric deposition fluxes (atoms/m2/s). \n\n\n2) Simulated atmospheric deposition fluxes of Beryllium-10, Beryllium-7 \n   and Lead-210 for two different periods: 1986-1990 (present day conditions) \n   and 1705-1709 (Maunder Minimum of the Little Ice Age). \n   See Heikkilä et al. 2008. More information on the simulation of Lead-210 \n   can be found in Heikkilä, Ulla. Modeling of the atmospheric transport of the cosmogenic radionuclides ¹⁰Be and ⁷Be using the ECHAM5-HAM general circulation model. ETH (2007), http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/view/eth:30179. \n\nAvailable files: \nbe10_be7_pb210_flux_1986-1990_monthly.nc \nbe10_be7_pb210_flux_1986-1990_annual.nc \nbe10_be7_pb210_flux_1705-1709_monthly.nc \nbe10_be7_pb210_flux_1705-1709_annual.nc \n \n- monthly and annual mean atmospheric deposition fluxes (atoms/m2/s) \n  of Be-10, Be-7 and Pb-210 and the total precipitation rate (mm/day). \n\n3) Simulated atmospheric deposition fluxes of Beryllium-10 \n   and Beryllium-7 for the period of 1998-2003. (Heikkilä, U., J. Beer, and J. Feichter. 2008. Modeling cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be and 7Be during the Maunder Minimum using the ECHAM5-HAM General Circulation Model. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 2797-2809. doi:10.5194/acp-8-2797-2008). \n\nAvailable files: \nbe10_be7_flux_1998-2003_monthly.nc \nbe10_be7_flux_1998-2003_annual.nc \n\n- monthly and annual mean atmospheric deposition fluxes (atoms/m2/s) \n  of Be-10 and Be-7 and the total precipitation rate (mm/day). \n\n\nModel output is in netCDF format (http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/)  \n\n\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8862"}