{"NOAAStudyId":"10251","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-07-23","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-10251.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":450000,"earliestYearCE":-448050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-10251","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Lisiecki, L.E.; Raymo, M.E.; Curry, W.B.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10251","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The factors driving glacial changes in ocean overturning circulation \nare not well understood. On the basis of a comparison of 20 climate \nvariables over the past four glacial cycles, the SPECMAP project \nproposed that summer insolation at high northern latitudes (that is, \nMilankovitch forcing) drives the same sequence of ocean circulation \nand other climate responses over 100-kyr eccentricity cycles, \n41-kyr obliquity cycles and 23-kyr precession cycles. \nSPECMAP analysed the circulation response at only a few sites in \nthe Atlantic Ocean, however, and the phase of circulation response \nhas been shown to vary by site and orbital band. Here we test the \nSPECMAP hypothesis by measuring the phase of orbital responses in \nbenthic d13C (a proxy indicator of ocean nutrient content) at 24 \nsites throughout the Atlantic over the past 425 kyr. On the basis \nof d13C responses at 3,000-4,010m water depth, we find that maxima \nin Milankovitch forcing are associated with greater mid-depth \noverturning in the obliquity band but less overturning in the \nprecession band. This suggests that Atlantic overturning is strongly \nsensitive to factors beyond ice volume and summer insolation at \nhigh northern latitudes. A better understanding of these processes \ncould lead to improvements in model estimates of overturning rates,  \nwhich range from a 40 per cent increase to a 40 per cent decrease \nat the Last Glacial Maximum and a 10-50 per cent decrease over the \nnext 140 yr in response to projected increases in atmospheric CO2. \n\n\n","author":null,"citation":"Lisiecki, L.E., M.E. Raymo, and W.B. Curry. 2008. \nAtlantic overturning responses to Late Pleistocene climate forcings. \nNature, Vol. 456, pp. 85-88, 6 November 2008. \ndoi:10.1038/nature07425 \n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature07425 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07425 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Atlantic overturning responses to Late Pleistocene climate forcings","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"30612","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["4.20415","-43.4889"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-43.4889","maxElevationMeters":"-3042","minElevationMeters":"-3042","northernmostLatitude":"4.20415","southernmostLatitude":"4.20415","westernmostLongitude":"-43.4889"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19038","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/lisiecki2008/lisiecki2008.txt","linkText":"lisiecki2008.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"shallow Atlantic sites","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mid-depth Atlantic sites","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"deep Atlantic sites","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"deep Pacific sites","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mid-depth Atlantic stack minus deep Pacific stack","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/lisiecki2008/lisiecki2008.xls","linkText":"lisiecki2008.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"ODP925C","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":450000,"earliestYearBP":450000,"earliestYearCE":-448050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"ODP 925"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Atlantic and Pacific Regional 450 KYr Benthic d13C Stacks","studyNotes":"The d13C records used in this study are collected from previous studies \nand primarily measured from the epibenthic taxon Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. \nAll records are placed on a common age model by aligning their benthic d18O \nrecords to the LR04 benthic d18O stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005). \nThe posted data include regional stacks (averages) of benthic d13C (%VPDB) \nfrom shallow North Atlantic sites (DSDP552, ODP980, ODP982, ODP983), \nmid-depth Atlantic sites (ODP925, ODP927, ODP928, GeoB1214), deep Atlantic \nsites (DP929, ODP1089, GeoB1041, GeoB1211), and deep Pacific sites (ODP677, \nODP846, ODP849, RC13-110, V21-146). A proxy for mid-depth NADW (Dd13C_mid) \nis found by subtracting the deep Pacific d13c stack from the mid-depth \nAtlantic d13c stack. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8925"}