{"NOAAStudyId":"10479","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-08-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-10479.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":263730,"earliestYearCE":-261780,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-10479","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US Geological Survey","fundingGrant":"Global Change Program"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OPP-9400255"},{"fundingAgency":"Russian Academy of Sciences","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Cronin, T.M.; Gemery, L.J.; Briggs, W.M.; Jakobsson, M.; Polyak, L.; Brouwers, E.M.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10479","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Paleo-sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean was reconstructed using \nthe sea-ice dwelling ostracode Acetabulastoma arcticum from late \nQuaternary sediments from the Mendeleyev, Lomonosov, and Gakkel \nRidges, the Morris Jesup Rise and the Yermak Plateau. Results \nsuggest intermittently high levels of perennial sea ice in the \ncentral Arctic Ocean during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (25-45 ka), \nminimal sea ice during the last deglacial (16-11 ka) and early \nHolocene thermal maximum (11-5 ka) and increasing sea ice during \nthe mid-to-late Holocene (5-0 ka). Sediment core records from the \nIceland and Rockall Plateaus show that perennial sea ice existed \nin these regions only during glacial intervals MIS 2, 4, and 6.  \nThese results show that sea ice exhibits complex temporal and \nspatial variability during different climatic regimes and that \nthe development of modern perennial sea ice may be a relatively \nrecent phenomenon. \n\n","author":null,"citation":"Cronin, T.M., L.J. Gemery, W.M. Briggs Jr., M. Jakobsson, \nL. Polyak, and E.M. Brouwers.  2010.  \nQuaternary Sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean based on \na new Ostracode sea-ice proxy. \nQuaternary Science Reviews. \nVolume 29, Issues 25-26, December 2010, Pages 3415-3429\ndoi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.024.\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.024","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.024"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Quaternary Sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean based on  a new Ostracode sea-ice proxy","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["sea ice","Arctic"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"37128","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["78.13","-176.745"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-176.745","maxElevationMeters":"-1031","minElevationMeters":"-1031","northernmostLatitude":"78.13","southernmostLatitude":"78.13","westernmostLongitude":"-176.745"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Arctic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19276","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/cronin2010/cronin2010.txt","linkText":"cronin2010.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/cronin2010/cronin2010.xls","linkText":"cronin2010.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Pl-94AR-BC08","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":0,"earliestYearBP":0,"earliestYearCE":1950,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Pl-94AR-BC08"},{"NOAASiteId":"37129","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["87.08","144.77"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"144.77","maxElevationMeters":"-1003","minElevationMeters":"-1003","northernmostLatitude":"87.08","southernmostLatitude":"87.08","westernmostLongitude":"144.77"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Arctic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19277","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/cronin2010/cronin2010.txt","linkText":"cronin2010.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/cronin2010/cronin2010.xls","linkText":"cronin2010.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Oden 96/12","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":263730,"earliestYearBP":263730,"earliestYearCE":-261780,"mostRecentYear":1340,"mostRecentYearBP":1340,"mostRecentYearCE":610,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Oden 96/12"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Arctic Ostracode Database 2010","studyNotes":"The Arctic Ostracode Database-2010 provides species census data \nfor 99 species and genera of marine Ostracoda from modern surface \nsediments from various parts of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas \n[OstArcCensus]. The 2010 Arctic Ostracode Database is an update \nof that originally published in 1991 (Cronin et al. 1991) and made \navailable at NOAA/NGDC in 1995 (Cronin et al. 1995a).  Ostracodes \nare a microfossil group of bivalved Crustacea that secrete a calcareous \n(CaCO3) shell commonly preserved in sediments in the Arctic region. \nMany ostracode species have ecological limits controlled by temperature, \nsalinity, oxygen, food and other habitat-related factors.  In addition, \nstable isotopic and minor element composition of their calcitic shells \nare used in paleoceanographic reconstruction in the Arctic Ocean, \nNordic Seas and North Atlantic Ocean. Early applications of ostracodes \nto Arctic paleoceanography are given in Cronin et al. (1995a); \nmore recent studies include those on Mg/Ca ratios in the genus Krithe \n(Dwyer et al. 1995, Cronin et al. 1996, Dwyer and Cronin 2003), \noxygen isotope ratios (Didié and Bauch 2002), and faunal analyses \n(Cronin et al. 1995b, Didié and Bauch 2000, Didié et al. 2002, \nJones et al. 1999, Alvarez-Zarikian et al. 2009, Cronin et al. 2010).\n\nThe new 2010 database is a significant expansion and improvement \nover the 1995 database in several respects.  It includes data from \n680 samples (compared to 403 samples in 1995) from a total of 54 \nsources (oceanographic cruises, sampling programs, publications) \ndescribed in OstArcSamples.  The database has updated taxonomy \ngiven in OstArcSpecies.  In addition to the census data, \nthe OstArcCensus file also contains water temperatures for \neach site obtained from World Ocean Atlas 2001 (Stephens et al. 2002), \nand, for many samples, a second temperature value taken at the time \nof the cruise or obtained from early oceanographic sources. \nThe sources for these temperatures are given in OstArcTemp.  \nA few typographical errors from the 1995 database have been corrected \nand updated longitude and latitudes are provided for older samples \ncollected in the 1930s through 1960s using new archives and the \nInternational Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean to better locate \nsamples (IBCAO, Jakobsson et al. 2008). \n\nIn addition to the surface sample ostracode data, this database \nprovides late Quaternary sediment core records of the sea-ice \ndwelling species Acetabulastoma arcticum (OstArcSeaIce). \nThe late Quaternary record of A. arcticum represents an application \nof the surface sample database to reconstruct paleo-sea-ice history \nof the central Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas during glacial, \ndeglacial, interglacial (Holocene), and interstadial (Marine Isotope \nStage 3) (Cronin et al. 2010).\n\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9142"}