{"NOAAStudyId":"10490","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-05-20","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-10490.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":57648,"earliestYearCE":-55698,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-10490","funding":[],"investigators":"Saikku, R.; Stott, L.D.; Thunell, R.C.","mostRecentYearBP":28872,"mostRecentYearCE":-26922,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10490","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Western tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures and Pacific \nDeep Water temperatures during Marine Isotope Stage 3 have been \nreconstructed from the d18O and Mg/Ca of planktonic and benthic \nforaminifera from Marion Dufresne core MD98-2181. This 36m \nmarine core was collected at 6.3ºN from a water depth of 2114 m.\nWith sediment accumulation rates of up to 80 cm/ky, it provides \na decadally resolved history of ocean variability during the \nLast Glacial period. Surface temperatures and salinities at this \nsite varied in close association with millennial-scale atmospheric \ntemperature swings at high northern latitudes as reflected in the \nGISP2 ice core. At times of colder atmospheric temperatures over \nGreenland, the western Pacific was more saline and summer season \nSSTs were ~2ºC colder. These millennial-scale changes within the \ntropics are attributed to a southward displacement of the summer \nseason ITCZ in response to steeper meridional temperature \ngradients within the Pacific. The benthic d18O record from \nMD98-2181 documents upper Pacific Deep Water temperature \nand salinity variability. Benthic d18O variations of 0.3-0.5 \nper mil during MIS 3 indicate deep waters within the Pacific \nwere varying by ~1-1.5ºC, with the possibility that some of \nthe variability was due to changing salinity and minor glacial- \neustatic changes. The observed deep-water variability correlates \nto changes in Antarctic surface temperatures and thus reflects \nchanges in Southern Ocean temperatures at the site of Pacific \nDeep Water formation. The combined planktonic and benthic records \nfrom MD98-2181 thus provide a northern and southern hemispheric \nclimate record of anti-phased variability during MIS 3 as has\nbeen inferred previously from ice core records. Furthermore, \nthe deep sea temperature excursions appear to have led millennial \nvariations in atmospheric CO2 as recorded in the EDML ice core \nby ~1 kyr. \n\n","author":null,"citation":"Saikku, R., L. Stott, and R. Thunell. 2009. \nA bi-polar signal recorded in the western tropical Pacific: \nNorthern and Southern Hemisphere climate records from the \nPacific warm pool during the last Ice Age. \nVolume 28, Issues 23-24, November 2009, Pages 2374-2385 \ndoi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.007 \n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.007","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.007"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A bi-polar signal recorded in the western tropical Pacific:  Northern and Southern Hemisphere climate records from the  Pacific warm pool during the last Ice Age","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19265","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["6.3","125.83"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"125.83","maxElevationMeters":"-2114","minElevationMeters":"-2114","northernmostLatitude":"6.3","southernmostLatitude":"6.3","westernmostLongitude":"125.83"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Western Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19289","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/saikku2009/saikku2009.txt","linkText":"saikku2009.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"G. ruber","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Siphouvigerina hispida","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/saikku2009/saikku2009.xls","linkText":"saikku2009.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"MD98-2181B","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":57648,"earliestYearBP":57648,"earliestYearCE":-55698,"mostRecentYear":28872,"mostRecentYearBP":28872,"mostRecentYearCE":-26922,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"MD98-2181"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Western Tropical Pacific MD98-2181 MIS3 SST Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Stable Isotope and and Mg/Ca data are presented for planktonic \r\nforaminifera along with benthic foramniferal stable isotope data \r\nspanning Marine Isotope Stage 3 from western Pacific marine \r\nsediment core, MD98-2181. The data are used to assess the timing \r\nand magnitude of tropical Pacific surface water temperature change \r\nrelative to the timing and magnitude of high latitude temperature \r\nchange (as inferred from the benthic stable isotope data).\r\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9154"}