{"NOAAStudyId":"10495","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-11-03","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-10495.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":27320,"earliestYearCE":-25370,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-10495","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"CNRS","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Overpeck, J.T.; Anderson, D.M.; Trumbore, S.E.; Prell, W.L.","mostRecentYearBP":2530,"mostRecentYearCE":-580,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10495","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Previously published results suggest that the strength of the \nSW Indian Monsoon can vary significantly on century- to millennium \ntime scales, an observation that has important implications for \nassessments of future climate and hydrologic change over densely \npopulated portions of Asia. We present new, well-dated, multi-proxy \nrecords of past monsoon variation from three separate Arabian Sea \nsediment cores that span the last glacial maximum to late-Holocene. \nTo a large extent, these records confirm earlier published \nsuggestions that the monsoon strengthened in a series of abrupt \nevents over the last deglaciation. However, our data provide a \nsomewhat refined picture of when these events took place, and \nsuggest the primacy of two abrupt increases in monsoon intensity, \none between 13 and 12.5 ka, and the other between 10 and 9.5 ka. \nThis conclusion is supported by the comparisons between our new \nmarine data and published paleoclimatic records throughout the \nAfrican-Asian monsoon region. The comparison of data sets further \nsupports the assertion that maximum monsoon intensity lagged peak \ninsolation forcing by about 3000 years, and extended from about \n9.5 to 5.5 ka. The episodes of rapid monsoon intensification \ncoincided with major shifts in North Atlantic-European surface \ntemperatures and ice-sheet extent. This coincidence, coupled with \nnew climate model experiments, suggests that the large land-sea \nthermal gradient needed to drive strong monsoons developed only \nafter glacial conditions upstream of, and on, the Tibetan Plateau \nreceded (cold North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures, European \nice-sheets, and extensive Asian snow cover). It is likely that \nabrupt changes in seasonal soil hydrology were as important to \npast monsoon forcing as were abrupt snow-related changes in \nregional albedo. Our analysis suggests that the monsoon responded \nmore linearly to insolation forcing after the disappearance of \nglacial boundary conditions, decreasing gradually after about \n6 ka. Our data also support the possibility that significant \ncentury-scale decreases in monsoon intensity took place during \nthe early to mid-Holocene period of enhanced monsoon strength, \nfurther highlighting the need to understand paleomonsoon dynamics \nbefore accurate assessments of future monsoon strength can be made. \n\n\n","author":null,"citation":"Overpeck, J., D. Anderson, S. Trumbore, and W. Prell.  2010. \nThe southwest Indian Monsoon over the last 18 000 years. \nClimate Dynamics, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 213-225. \nDOI: 10.1007/BF00211619","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/BF00211619","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211619"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":1996,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The southwest Indian Monsoon over the last 18 000 years","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19246","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["18.25","57.65"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"57.65","maxElevationMeters":"-596","minElevationMeters":"-596","northernmostLatitude":"18.25","southernmostLatitude":"18.25","westernmostLongitude":"57.65"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19299","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/overpeck1996/overpeck1996.txt","linkText":"overpeck1996.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of 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science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/overpeck1996/overpeck1996.xls","linkText":"overpeck1996.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"RC27-14A","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":21740,"earliestYearBP":21740,"earliestYearCE":-19790,"mostRecentYear":5960,"mostRecentYearBP":5960,"mostRecentYearCE":-4010,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"RC27-14"},{"NOAASiteId":"19247","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["18","57.58"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"57.58","maxElevationMeters":"-820","minElevationMeters":"-820","northernmostLatitude":"18","southernmostLatitude":"18","westernmostLongitude":"57.58"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19300","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/overpeck1996/overpeck1996.txt","linkText":"overpeck1996.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerina sp.>Globigerina bulloides","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerina sp.>Globigerina bulloides","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/overpeck1996/overpeck1996.xls","linkText":"overpeck1996.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"RC27-23A","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":27320,"earliestYearBP":27320,"earliestYearCE":-25370,"mostRecentYear":2530,"mostRecentYearBP":2530,"mostRecentYearCE":-580,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"RC27-23"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Arabian Sea 20KYr Carbonate and Stable Isotope Data","studyNotes":"High-resolution carbonate concentration and foraminiferal stable \nisotope data from 2 marine sediment cores in the Arabian Sea, \n~150 km offshore Oman, as a proxy for SW Indian Monsoon strength \nover the past 20,000 years. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9159"}