{"NOAAStudyId":"11190","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-05-13","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-11190.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":21770,"earliestYearCE":-19820,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-11190","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"European Community","fundingGrant":"EVR1-CT-2001-40018 (CESOP)"}],"investigators":"Weldeab, S.; Schneider, R.R.; Kölling, M.; Wefer, G.","mostRecentYearBP":60,"mostRecentYearCE":1890,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11190","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Here we present evidence that the Holocene African monsoon system (AMS) \nvaried in response to the eastern equatorial Atlantic sea-surface \ntemperature (SST). Several short-term episodes of decreased moisture \navailability as a result of low eastern equatorial Atlantic SST are \nsuggested by planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios.  These episodes \npromoted a weakening of the AMS and thus determined the timing and \nintensity of arid periods. Local sea-surface salinities also reveal \nregional patterns of precipitation in equatorial western Africa. \nThe high eastern equatorial Atlantic SSTs occur in concert with \nseasonally increased insolation at low latitudes, suggesting a \nstrong response of African monsoonal precipitation to oceanic \nconditions at low latitudes. ","author":null,"citation":"Weldeab, S., R.R. Schneider, M. Kölling, and G. Wefer. 2005. \nHolocene African droughts relate to eastern equatorial Atlantic cooling. \nGeology, Vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 981-984.   doi: 10.1130/G21874.1 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/G21874.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G21874.1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2005,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Holocene African droughts relate to eastern equatorial Atlantic cooling","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction","Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction","Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"48140","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["2.5","9.384"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"9.384","maxElevationMeters":"-1328","minElevationMeters":"-1328","northernmostLatitude":"2.5","southernmostLatitude":"2.5","westernmostLongitude":"9.384"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19786","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/weldeab2005/weldeab2005.txt","linkText":"weldeab2005.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"on G. ruber pink","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per thousand","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"on G. ruber pink","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per thousand","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"on G. ruber pink","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water>sea surface","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per thousand","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"on G. ruber pink","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"on G. ruber pink","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"on G. ruber pink","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"on G. ruber pink","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber pink","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber pink","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/weldeab2005/weldeab2005.xls","linkText":"weldeab2005.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"GeoB4905-4","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":21770,"earliestYearBP":21770,"earliestYearCE":-19820,"mostRecentYear":60,"mostRecentYearBP":60,"mostRecentYearCE":1890,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"GeoB4905-4"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Eastern Equatorial Atlantic GeoB4905-4 21KYr Mg/Ca SST, SSS, and d18Osw ","studyNotes":"Planktonic foraminiferal (Globigerinoides ruber pink) Mg/Ca \nand stable oxygen isotope (d18O) measurements, plus calculated \nSea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), \nand d18O of sea water (d18Osw), from an eastern equatorial \nAtlantic sediment core (offshore Cameroon) for the past 21,000 years. 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