{"NOAAStudyId":"12197","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-09-26","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-12197.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":101690,"earliestYearCE":-99740,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-12197","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS-0602395, OCE-0318081"},{"fundingAgency":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Geological Society of America","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"SNSF PBSKP2-128454"}],"investigators":"Dubois, N.; Kienast, M.; Kienast, S.S.; Normandeau, C.; Calvert, S.E.; Herbert, T.D.; Mix, A.C.","mostRecentYearBP":1070,"mostRecentYearCE":880,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12197","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"In this study, we use records of nitrogen isotope ratios (d15N), \r\nUK'37 temperature estimates, organic carbon and opal percentages \r\nfrom high-resolution sediment cores located in the eastern \r\nequatorial Pacific (EEP) to explore the mechanisms linking \r\nmillennial-scale changes in low-latitude sea surface temperature, \r\nwater column denitrification and surface productivity to the timing \r\nof northern or southern polar climate during the last 100,000 yr. \r\nOur results support a hypothesis that the Southern Hemisphere, \r\nand its connection to the low latitudes via shallow subsurface \r\nocean circulation, has a primary influence on the biogeochemistry \r\nof the EEP. In addition, our results suggest that, during the last \r\nglacial stage, denitrification rates fluctuated on millennial \r\ntimescales in response to water-column ventilation rather than \r\nupstream oxidant demand in intermediate-depth waters.  However, \r\ndue to the poor age constraints available for Marine Isotopic \r\nStage (MIS) 3, the EEP sedimentary data presented here could \r\nsupport two conflicting mechanisms, one driven by enhanced \r\nintermediate overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean \r\nduring Heinrich Events/Antarctic Warm Events, implying that \r\nsubsurface flow rates control thermocline ventilation, \r\nand a second one consistent with more sluggish intermediate \r\ncirculation during Antarctic Warm Events and giving a central \r\nrole to the temperature control on oxygen solubility in \r\nSouthern Ocean surface waters. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Dubois, N., M. Kienast, S. Kienast, C. Normandeau, S.E. Calvert, \r\nT.D. Herbert, and A. Mix. 2011. \r\nMillennial-scale variations in hydrography and biogeochemistry \r\nin the Eastern Equatorial Pacific over the last 100 kyr. \r\nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 30, pp. 210-223. \r\ndoi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.012 \r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.012","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.012"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Millennial-scale variations in hydrography and biogeochemistry  in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific over the last 100 kyr","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction","biogeochemical cycles"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19114","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-3.62","-83.97"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-83.97","maxElevationMeters":"-3210","minElevationMeters":"-3210","northernmostLatitude":"-3.62","southernmostLatitude":"-3.62","westernmostLongitude":"-83.97"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20514","coreLengthMeters":7,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/dubois2011/dubois2011.txt","linkText":"dubois2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 15N"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"elemental analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>carbon>organic carbon"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"carbon coulometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"filtered opal; 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removes > 10 kyr variability","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"resampled","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/dubois2011/dubois2011.xls","linkText":"dubois2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"27JC11","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":99290,"earliestYearBP":99290,"earliestYearCE":-97340,"mostRecentYear":1700,"mostRecentYearBP":1700,"mostRecentYearCE":250,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"ME0005A-27JC"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Eastern Equatorial Pacific 100KYr Alkenone SST Reconstructions","studyNotes":"The data set contains alkenone-based SST estimates, bulk sediment \nd15N and Corg content from 4 cores from the eastern equatorial \nPacific covering the late Quaternary, in addition to the opal \nrecord and the residual opal record (with variability >10 kyr removed) \nfrom ME0005A-24JC. The data from core ME0005A-24JC are presented \nagainst 2 age models: scenario 1 and scenario 2, as discussed \nin the original reference. \n\nCores ME0005A-24JC, ME0005A-27JC and TR163-31P were analyzed \nfor alkenone unsaturation at Dalhousie University following \nstandard laboratory procedures detailed by Kienast et al. (2006). \nSea-surface temperature estimates (UK'37 SST) were calculated from \nthe ratio of the concentration of the di and triunsaturated alkenones, \nusing the calibration of Prahl et al. (1988). The upper 500 cm \nof ME0005A-24JC were analyzed at WHOI following the same procedure \nand were previously published by Kienast et al. (2006). These data \nwere shifted by +0.027 UK'37 units because of a laboratory offset \ndetermined from 10 replicate samples. Cores TR163-19P was analyzed \nat Brown University following similar laboratory procedures detailed \nin Herbert et al. (1998). Results from the last 25 kyr BP of cores \nME0005A-27JC, TR163-19P and TR163-31P were previously published \nin Dubois et al. (2009). \n\nThe sedimentary d15N composition of all cores was analyzed at UBC, \nVancouver, following standard procedures. \n\nTotal carbon was determined with an elemental analyzer. Inorganic \n(i.e., carbonate mineral) carbon was determined in a carbon dioxide \ncoulometer. \n\nOrganic carbon was estimated by subtracting inorganic from total \ncarbon. Results for the last 35 kyr have been published by \nKienast et al. (2006, 2007). \n\nBiogenic opal of core ME0005A-24JC (>510 cm) was determined \ncolorimetrically following alkaline extraction of silica \n(Mortlock and Froelich, 1989). The upper 510 cm were analyzed \nat UBC following the same procedure and were previously \npublished by Kienast et al. (2007). \n\nAge models for Marine Isotopic Stage 1 and 2 (MIS1 and MIS2, \ni.e. 0-25 kyr) in cores ME0005A-27JC, TR163-19P and TR163-31P \nwere adopted as previously published (see Kienast et al., 2007). \nWe present here an updated MIS1-2 age model of core ME0005A-24JC \nbased on 4 radiocarbon dates on Neogloboquadrina dutertrei \npublished by Kienast et al. (2007) and 2 additional dates \non N. dutertrei published by Kusch et al. (2010). \nRadiocarbon ages were calibrated to calendar years \nusing the software CALIB 6.0 (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; \ndeltaR = 167 ± 106 yr), and the MARINE09 calibration data set \n(Reimer et al., 2009). Note that the use of this new calibration \ndata set (MARINE09) leads to small deviations (<600 yr) from \nthe calendar ages published by Kienast et al. (2007) using \nthe MARINE04 (Hughen et al., 2004) calibration data set. \n\nBecause of the difficulty in dating sediments from the equatorial \nPacific older than 50,000 yr, we created two different age models \nbased on the hypotheses under investigation. \n\nCores TR163-31P, TR163-19P and ME0005A-27JC were graphically \ncorrelated to ME0005A-24JC for the MIS3-4 interval using \nthe software AnalySeries (Paillard et al., 1996). We based \nour correlation on a number of clear features in the d15N \nand opal records, making sure not to violate the MIS4 benthic \nd18O transitions. Finally, based on multiple geochemical proxies \n(not shown), we identify an ash layer at a depth of 9.8 m \nME0005A-24JC, 4.31 m ME0005A-27JC, 3.10 m in TR163-19P \nand 6.61 m in TR163-31P, which we assume to be the Los Chocoyos \nAsh Layer. This Ash Layer was previously observed in the \nGulf of Mexico and equatorial Pacific and has been dated \nto 84,000 yr BP on the basis of oxygen isotope stratigraphy, \nbiostratigraphy and Pa-Th data (Drexler et al., 1980). \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10261"}