{"NOAAStudyId":"12215","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-10-11","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-12215.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":27784,"earliestYearCE":-25834,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-12215","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE0096495, ATM0502428,  OCE0096472, OCE0220776, ATM0501351"}],"investigators":"Came, R.E.; Curry, W.B.; Oppo, D.W.; Broccoli, A.J.; Stouffer, R.J.; Lynch-Stieglitz, J.","mostRecentYearBP":613,"mostRecentYearCE":1337,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12215","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Two new records of paired benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and d18O \r\nfrom two low latitude western Atlantic sediment cores - one taken \r\nfrom within the Florida Current and the other from the Little \r\nBahama Bank - provide insights into the spatial distribution \r\nof intermediate depth temperature and salinity variability \r\nduring the deglaciation.  During the Younger Dryas cold event, \r\nboth temperature and salinity increased at the Florida Current \r\nsite and decreased at the Little Bahama Bank site. The temperature \r\nincrease within the Florida Current is consistent with a reduction \r\nin the strength of the northward-moving surface return flow of the \r\nAtlantic meridional overturning circulation; the temperature \r\ndecrease at the Little Bahama Bank is consistent with a cooling \r\nof high latitude North Atlantic surface waters. To test \r\nthe possibility that a freshening of the surface North Atlantic \r\ncaused the paleoceanographic changes during the Younger Dryas, \r\nthe Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) R30 coupled \r\nocean-atmosphere general circulation model was forced using \r\na North Atlantic freshwater perturbation of 0.1 Sv for a period \r\nof 100 years. The freshwater flux causes an overall reduction \r\nin the Atlantic overturning from 25 Sv to 13 Sv. However, \r\nat ~1,100 m water depth, ventilation increases, causing decreases \r\nin both temperature and salinity throughout much of the \r\nintermediate depth, open-ocean North Atlantic. At the western \r\nboundary, intermediate depth temperatures and salinities increase \r\ndue to weakened overturning, and also due to an increase in runoff \r\nfrom the Amazon River, which causes a surface stability and a \r\ndecrease in the upwelling of colder, deeper waters. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Came, R.E., W.B. Curry, D.W. Oppo, A.J. Broccoli, R.J. Stouffer, \r\nand J. Lynch-Stieglitz. 2007. \r\nNorth Atlantic Intermediate Depth Variability During the Younger \r\nDryas: Evidence From Benthic Foraminiferal Mg/Ca and the GFDL \r\nR30 Coupled Climate Model. \r\nin Past and Future Changes of the Ocean's Meridional Overturning \r\nCirculation: Mechanisms and Impacts, Geophysical Monograph Series, \r\nedited by A. Schmittner, J. Chiang, and S. Hemming, \r\nAmerican Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C, pp. 247-263, \r\ndoi:10.1029/173GM16.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/173GM16","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/173GM16"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Monograph Series","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"North Atlantic Intermediate Depth Variability During the Younger  Dryas: Evidence From Benthic Foraminiferal Mg/Ca and the GFDL  R30 Coupled Climate Model","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"31128","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["24.216667","-83.3"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-83.3","maxElevationMeters":"-751","minElevationMeters":"-751","northernmostLatitude":"24.216667","southernmostLatitude":"24.216667","westernmostLongitude":"-83.3"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic 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ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Hoeglundina elegans","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/came2007b/came2007b.xls","linkText":"came2007b.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"31JPC2007","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":23041,"earliestYearBP":23041,"earliestYearCE":-21091,"mostRecentYear":1204,"mostRecentYearBP":1204,"mostRecentYearCE":746,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"KNR166-2-31JPC"},{"NOAASiteId":"31129","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["26.066667","-78.033333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-78.033333","maxElevationMeters":"-1057","minElevationMeters":"-1057","northernmostLatitude":"26.066667","southernmostLatitude":"26.066667","westernmostLongitude":"-78.033333"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20538","coreLengthMeters":2,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/came2007b/came2007b.txt","linkText":"came2007b.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Cibicidoides sp. species sampled","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth 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