{"NOAAStudyId":"12315","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-12-13","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-12315.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2070,"earliestYearCE":-120,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-12315","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"EAR-0951686, EAR-0717364, EAR0309129, ATM-0902133"},{"fundingAgency":"Geological Society of America","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":"NA05NOS4781182"},{"fundingAgency":"US Geological Survey","fundingGrant":"02ERAG0044"},{"fundingAgency":"Academy of Finland","fundingGrant":"123113"},{"fundingAgency":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action","fundingGrant":"ES0701"}],"investigators":"Kemp, A.C.; Horton, B.P.; Donnelly, J.P.; Mann, M.E.; Vermeer, M.; Rahmstorf, S.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12315","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We present new sea-level reconstructions for the past 2100 y based\r\non salt-marsh sedimentary sequences from the US Atlantic coast.\r\nThe data from North Carolina reveal four phases of persistent\r\nsea-level change after correction for glacial isostatic adjustment.\r\nSea level was stable from at least BC 100 until AD 950. Sea level\r\nthen increased for 400 y at a rate of 0.6 mm/y, followed by a further\r\nperiod of stable, or slightly falling, sea level that persisted until\r\nthe late 19th century. Since then, sea level has risen at an average\r\nrate of 2.1 mm/y, representing the steepest century-scale increase\r\nof the past two millennia. This rate was initiated between AD 1865\r\nand 1892. Using an extended semiempirical modeling approach,\r\nwe show that these sea-level changes are consistent with global\r\ntemperature for at least the past millennium.\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Kemp, A.C., B.P. Horton, J.P. Donnelly, M.E. Mann, M. Vermeer, \r\nand S. Rahmstorf. 2011. \r\nClimate related sea-level variations over the past two millennia. \r\nProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, \r\nVol. 108 (27), pp. 11017-11022, July 5, 2011. \r\nPublished ahead of print June 20, 2011, \r\ndoi:10.1073/pnas.1015619108","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1073/pnas.1015619108","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015619108"},"issue":null,"journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Climate related sea-level variations over the past two millennia","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["sea level"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52502","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["35.8833","-75.6833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-75.6833","maxElevationMeters":"0","minElevationMeters":"0","northernmostLatitude":"35.8833","southernmostLatitude":"35.8833","westernmostLongitude":"-75.6833"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>North Carolina","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20657","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/relative_sea_level/kemp2011rsl.txt","linkText":"kemp2011rsl.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/relative_sea_level/kemp2011rsl.xls","linkText":"kemp2011rsl.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Sand2011","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-120,"earliestYearBP":2070,"earliestYearCE":-120,"mostRecentYear":1977,"mostRecentYearBP":-27,"mostRecentYearCE":1977,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Sand Point"},{"NOAASiteId":"52503","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["34.9667","-76.3833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-76.3833","maxElevationMeters":"0","minElevationMeters":"0","northernmostLatitude":"34.9667","southernmostLatitude":"34.9667","westernmostLongitude":"-76.3833"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>North Carolina","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20658","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/relative_sea_level/kemp2011rsl.txt","linkText":"kemp2011rsl.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/relative_sea_level/kemp2011rsl.xls","linkText":"kemp2011rsl.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Tump2011","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":992,"earliestYearBP":958,"earliestYearCE":992,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Tump Point"},{"NOAASiteId":"52504","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["42.1667","-70.7333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-70.7333","maxElevationMeters":"0","minElevationMeters":"0","northernmostLatitude":"42.1667","southernmostLatitude":"42.1667","westernmostLongitude":"-70.7333"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Massachusetts","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20659","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/relative_sea_level/kemp2011rsl.txt","linkText":"kemp2011rsl.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/relative_sea_level/kemp2011rsl.xls","linkText":"kemp2011rsl.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Wood2011","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":463,"earliestYearBP":1487,"earliestYearCE":463,"mostRecentYear":1963,"mostRecentYearBP":-13,"mostRecentYearCE":1963,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Wood Island"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"North Atlantic 2000 Year Relative Sea Level Data","studyNotes":"North Atlantic relative sea level data points from the east coast \nof the United States, in North Carolina (Sand Point and Tump Point) \nand at Wood Island, Massachusetts. \n\nIn North Carolina, a modern dataset of 193 surface samples \ncollected from 10 salt marshes  was used to develop transfer\nfunctions to quantify the relationship between foraminifera \nand elevation. We used these transfer functions to estimate \npaleomarsh elevation (PME) at Sand Point and Tump Point, \nNorth Carolina. PME is the elevation at which a sample formed \nwith respect to its contemporary sea level. Foraminifera \npreserved in 1 cm thick samples from the Sand Point and Tump \nPoint cores provided the basis for estimating PME. \nTo reconstruct relative sea level (RSL), estimated PME was \nsubtracted from the measured altitude of each sample. \n\nAt Wood Island (Massachusetts), salt-marsh plants were used\nas sea-level indicators. The modern mean elevation of Juncus\ngeradii (Jg), Spartina patens (Sp), and Distichlis spicata (Ds) \nwas estimated by measuring stands at the Wood Island site. \nMultiple, stratigraphically ordered, samples were recovered \nalong the boundary between a gently sloping granite erratic \nand overlying salt-marsh sediments. Identifiable remains \nof Jg, Sp, and Ds were used to provide an estimate of PME. \n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10377"}