{"NOAAStudyId":"12335","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-12-14","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-12335.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":92880,"earliestYearCE":-90930,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-12335","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Kohfeld, K.E.; Chase, Z.","mostRecentYearBP":9232,"mostRecentYearCE":-7282,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12335","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The subarctic North Pacific Ocean holds a large CO2 reservoir that \r\nis currently isolated from the atmosphere by a low-salinity layer. \r\nIt has recently been hypothesized that the reorganization of these \r\nhigh-CO2 waters may have played a crucial role in the degassing of \r\ncarbon dioxide to the atmosphere during the last deglaciation. \r\nThis reorganization would leave some imprint on paleo-productivity \r\nrecords. Here we present 230Th-normalized biogenic fluxes from an \r\nintermediate depth sediment core in the Northwest Pacific (RC10-196, \r\n54.7°N, 177.1°E, 1007 m) and place them within the context of a \r\nsynthesis of previously-published biogenic flux data from 49 \r\ndeep-sea cores north of 20°N, ranging from 420 to 3968 m water depth. \r\nThe 230Th-normalized opal, carbonate, and organic carbon fluxes \r\nfrom RC10-196 peak approximately 13,000 calendar years BP during \r\nthe Bølling/Allerød (B/A) period. Our data synthesis suggests that \r\nbiogenic fluxes were in general lowest during the last glacial \r\nperiod, increased somewhat in the Northwest Pacific during Heinrich \r\nEvent 1, and reached a maximum across the entire North Pacific \r\nduring the B/A period. We evaluate several mechanisms as possible \r\ndrivers of deglacial change in biogenic fluxes in the North Pacific, \r\nincluding changes in preservation, sediment focusing, sea ice extent, \r\niron inputs, stratification, and circulation shifts initiated in the \r\nNorth Atlantic and North Pacific. Our analysis suggests that while \r\nmicronutrient sources likely contributed to some of the observed \r\nchanges, the heterogeneity in timing of glaciogenic retreat \r\nand sea level make these mechanisms unlikely causes of region-wide \r\ncontemporaneous peaks in export production. We argue that \r\npaleo-observations are most consistent with ventilation increases \r\nin both the North Pacific (during H1) and North Atlantic (during B/A) \r\nbeing the primary drivers of increases in biogenic flux during \r\nthe deglaciation, as respectively they were likely to bring \r\nnutrients to the surface via increased vertical mixing \r\nand shoaling of the global thermocline.\r\n\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Kohfeld, K.E. and Z. Chase. 2011. \r\nControls on Deglacial Changes in Biogenic Fluxes \r\nin the North Pacific Ocean. \r\nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 30, Issues 23-24, \r\npp. 3350-3363, November 2011.   \r\ndoi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.007.\r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.007","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.007"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Controls on Deglacial Changes in Biogenic Fluxes in the North Pacific Ocean","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["biogeochemical cycles"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52522","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["54.7","177.1"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"177.1","maxElevationMeters":"-1007","minElevationMeters":"-1007","northernmostLatitude":"54.7","southernmostLatitude":"54.7","westernmostLongitude":"177.1"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20677","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/kohfeld2011/kohfeld2011.txt","linkText":"kohfeld2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Neogloboquadrina sp.>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Neogloboquadrina sp.>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter per kiloyear","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>sedimentation rate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment>dry sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per cubic centimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>density"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>carbon>organic carbon"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>uranium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"milligram per square centimeter per kiloyear","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"milligram per square centimeter per kiloyear","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"gram per square centimeter per kiloyear","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>carbon>organic carbon"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"disintegration per minute per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>232Th"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"disintegration per minute per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>232Th"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"disintegration per minute per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>230Th"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"disintegration per minute per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>230Th"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"disintegration per minute per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>238U"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"disintegration per minute per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>single isotope concentration>238U"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>silicon dioxide>biogenic silica"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/kohfeld2011/kohfeld2011.xls","linkText":"kohfeld2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"RC10-196K11","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":92880,"earliestYearBP":92880,"earliestYearCE":-90930,"mostRecentYear":9232,"mostRecentYearBP":9232,"mostRecentYearCE":-7282,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"RC10-196"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Northwest Pacific RC10-196 Deglacial Biogenic Flux Data ","studyNotes":"We present 230Th-normalized biogenic fluxes from an intermediate \ndepth sediment core in the Northwest Pacific (RC10-196) and place \nthem within the context of a synthesis of previously-published \nbiogenic flux data from 49 deep-sea cores north of 20ºN, \nranging from 420 to 3968 m water depth. The 230Th normalized opal, \ncarbonate, and organic carbon fluxes from RC10-196 peak \napproximately 13,000 calendar years BP during the Bølling/Allerød \n(B/A) period. This file includes: \n(a) radiocarbon data from N. pachyderma (s), \n(b) oxygen and carbon isotope data on N. pachyderma (s), \n(c) wt% and mass accumulation rates of opal, carbonate, \n    organic carbon, and authigenic Uranium, and \n(d) associated 230Th data. \n\nNote that MARtoc, MARcaco3, and MARopal (mg/cm2/y) are not 230Th fluxes, \nbut are estimated as: MAR = f * LSR * DBD (where DBD = dry bulk density; \nLSR = linear sedimentation rate; f = measured fraction of TOC, CaCO3, \nand opal, respectively.) \n\nMethods:  \n230Th-normalization was used to reconstruct particle flux to an \nintermediate depth sediment core, RC10-196.  An age model was \ndetermined using a combination of radiocarbon dates and oxygen \nisotope stratigraphy.  Oxygen isotope values were measured on \nN. pachyderma (sinistral coiling) from the 150-250 um size \nfraction at the Saskatchewan Isotope Laboratory at the University \nof Saskatchewan.  Radiocarbon analysis was conducted on three samples \n(two of N. pachyderma (sinistral coiling), one of mixed planktonic \nforaminifera), at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.  \nThese dates were converted to calendar age using the CALIB program \n(Stuiver and Reimer, 1993 (version 6.0)).  Prior to calibration, \na reservoir correction of 450 years was applied, using estimates \nobtained by Sarnthein et al. (2007) on cores from the NW Pacific \nregion.  Using this age model, sedimentation rates at RC10-196 \nranged from 4.2 to 5.9 cm/ka over the last 30,000 years. \nSamples for U-series measurement were spiked with yield tracers \n(229Th and 236U), digested in HCl, HF, HNO3 and perchloric acid \n(Fleisher and Anderson, 1991) and pre-concentration by anion \nexchange resin (Chase et al., 2003). Isotope spikes were \ncalibrated against a natural U standard (CRM-145) and a natural \nTh standard (NIST 3159). Digests were analyzed by isotope dilution \nHR-ICP-MS (Axiom) at Oregon State University (Chase et al., 2003; \nFleisher and Anderson, 2003). Mass bias was assessed by repeated \nanalysis of CRM-145. Propagated uncertainties for individual \nanalyses were ~ 4% for 230Th concentration while repeated \ndigestion and analysis of an in-house sediment standard was \nreproducible to 6%. Excess 230Th and authigenic U were calculated \nfrom the sediment concentration data assuming a detrital U/Th ratio \nof 0.7 ± 0.1 (Henderson and Anderson, 2003). Thorium concentrations \nmeasured in the GEOTRACES intercalibration sediment sample were \nin agreement with the main distribution of the submitted data \n(Anderson et al., submitted manuscript).\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10397"}