{"NOAAStudyId":"12362","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-01-05","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-12362.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":8100,"earliestYearCE":-6150,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-12362","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US Geological Survey","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Farmer, J.R.; Cronin, T.M.; de Vernal, A.; Dwyer, G.S.; Keigwin, L.D.; Thunell, R.C.","mostRecentYearBP":52,"mostRecentYearCE":1898,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12362","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We reconstructed subsurface (~200-400 m) ocean temperature \r\nand sea-ice cover in the Canada Basin, western Arctic Ocean \r\nfrom foraminiferal d18O, ostracode Mg/Ca ratios, and dinocyst \r\nassemblages from two sediment core records covering the last \r\n8000 years. Results show mean temperature varied from -1 to 0.5°C \r\nand -0.5 to 1.5°C at 203 and 369 m water depths, respectively. \r\nCentennial-scale warm periods in subsurface temperature records \r\ncorrespond to reductions in summer sea-ice cover inferred from \r\ndinocyst assemblages around 6.5 ka, 3.5 ka, 1.8 ka and during \r\nthe 15th century Common Era. These changes may reflect centennial \r\nchanges in the temperature and/or strength of inflowing Atlantic \r\nLayer water originating in the eastern Arctic Ocean. By comparison, \r\nthe 0.5 to 0.7°C warm temperature anomaly identified in oceanographic \r\nrecords from the Atlantic Layer of the Canada Basin exceeded \r\nreconstructed Atlantic Layer temperatures for the last 1200 years \r\nby about 0.5°C.\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Farmer, J.R., T.M. Cronin, A. de Vernal, G.S. Dwyer, L.D. Keigwin, \r\nand R.C. Thunell.  2011. \r\nWestern Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years.\r\nGeophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, L24602, doi:10.1029/2011GL049714.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2011GL049714","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049714"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Ice Reconstruction","Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)","sea ice"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52577","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["72.1555","-155.5082"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-155.5082","maxElevationMeters":"-369","minElevationMeters":"-369","northernmostLatitude":"72.1555","southernmostLatitude":"72.1555","westernmostLongitude":"-155.5082"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Arctic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20736","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/farmer2011/farmer2011.txt","linkText":"farmer2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"bottom water temperature from Islandiella helenae","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction 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variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>sea ice cover"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"bottom water temperature from Krithe glacialis","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Islandiella helenae","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Nonionella labradorica","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>ostracod","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/farmer2011/farmer2011.xls","linkText":"farmer2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"GGC19-2011","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":6660,"earliestYearBP":6660,"earliestYearCE":-4710,"mostRecentYear":52,"mostRecentYearBP":52,"mostRecentYearCE":1898,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"HLY0205-GGC19"},{"NOAASiteId":"52578","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["73.7067","-162.7433"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-162.7433","maxElevationMeters":"-203","minElevationMeters":"-203","northernmostLatitude":"73.7067","southernmostLatitude":"73.7067","westernmostLongitude":"-162.7433"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Arctic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20737","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/farmer2011/farmer2011.txt","linkText":"farmer2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"bottom water temperature from Islandiella helenae","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"bottom water temperature from Nonionella labradorica","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"month per year","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>dinoflagellate assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"month","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>sea ice cover"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"bottom water temperature from Krithe glacialis","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Islandiella helenae","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Nonionella labradorica","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>ostracod","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/farmer2011/farmer2011.xls","linkText":"farmer2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"P1-B3-2011","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":8100,"earliestYearBP":8100,"earliestYearCE":-6150,"mostRecentYear":144,"mostRecentYearBP":144,"mostRecentYearCE":1806,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"P1-92AR-P1/B3"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Western Arctic Ocean 8KYr BWT and Sea Ice Reconstructions ","studyNotes":"We reconstructed subsurface ocean temperature and surface sea-ice \nduration at centennial to submillenial-scale resolution from cores \nHLY0205-GGC19 and P1-92AR-P1/B3 in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean. \nOxygen isotopic composition of benthic foraminifers and magnesium\nto calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios in ostracodes were used as temperature \nproxies, with sea-ice duration interpreted from dinocyst assemblages. \nChronology for both cores was established with radiocarbon dating\n\nData Include:\n1. 14C chronology for both cores\n2. GGC19 bottom water temperature from d18O of benthic \n   foraminifer Islandiella helenae \n3. GGC19 bottom water temperature from d18O of benthic \n   foraminifer Nonion labradoricum \n4. GGC19 sea-ice duration (months/year) from dinocyst assemblages \n5. P1/B3 ostracode Mg/Ca and BWT, and sea-ice duration \n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10426"}