{"NOAAStudyId":"12886","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-03-29","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-12886.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":167,"earliestYearCE":1783,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-12886","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Alexander von Humboldt Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Halfar, J.; Williams, B.; Hetzinger, S.; Steneck, R.S.; Lebednik, P.; Winsborough, C.; Omar, A.; Chan, P.; Wanamaker, A.D.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12886","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Bering Sea climate and ecosystem dynamics have recently undergone \r\nmajor changes that have affected seasonal sea ice distribution \r\nand marine life, including commercially important salmon fisheries. \r\nUnfortunately, long-term Bering Sea dynamics are poorly understood, \r\nlargely because of an absence of high-resolution marine proxy archives. \r\nHere we present the first record compiled from annual growth-increment \r\nwidths of long-lived coralline algae collected in shallow-water \r\nhabitats spanning the entire Aleutian Islands. While algal growth \r\nin the Aleutians exhibits a variable relationship with regional \r\ntemperatures, it is strongly driven by changes in solar radiation \r\nreaching the seafloor. Therefore, it provides an exceptional archive \r\nof long-term light dynamics, which in the Bering Sea is attributed \r\nto changes in strength of the Aleutian Low (AL), the dominant climate \r\npattern of the subarctic North Pacific. The AL is positively related \r\nto Bering Sea cloudiness and wind strength, which in turn fosters \r\nupper-ocean mixing. Mixing raises surface-water nutrient concentrations \r\nand stimulates plankton production, which is positively linked to \r\nAlaskan salmon abundance. Enhanced clouds and plankton production \r\nincrease shading on the shallow seafloor and reduce algal growth. \r\nLight-driven algal growth rates track proxy-derived salmon abundance \r\nfrom 1782 onward, but are poorly related to temperature-dominated \r\nPacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) variability prior to the twentieth \r\ncentury. The algal record suggests that the present-day relationship \r\nof AL and PDO varied historically and that salmon stocks have been \r\nmore closely related to AL strength via its effect on plankton \r\nabundance rather than PDO-related temperatures.\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Halfar, J., B. Williams, S. Hetzinger, R.S. Steneck, P. Lebednik, \r\nC. Winsborough, A. Omar, P. Chan, and A.D. Wanamaker, Jr. 2011. \r\n225 years of Bering Sea climate and ecosystem dynamics revealed \r\nby coralline algal growth-increment widths. \r\nGeology, June 2011, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 579-582. \r\ndoi:10.1130/G31996.1 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/G31996.1 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G31996.1 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Geology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"225 years of Bering Sea climate and ecosystem dynamics revealed  by coralline algal growth-increment widths","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES 2k Network","Pacific Decadal Oscillation","PAGES Ocean 2k"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53019","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["54.2158","-165.5142"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-165.5142","maxElevationMeters":"-10","minElevationMeters":"-10","northernmostLatitude":"54.2158","southernmostLatitude":"54.2158","westernmostLongitude":"-165.5142"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Alaska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21219","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011/halfar2011.txt","linkText":"halfar2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"growth increment width of coralline red algae species","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coralline algae>Clathromorphum sp.>Clathromorphum nereostratum","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011/halfar2011.xls","linkText":"halfar2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"08-10-27","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1947,"earliestYearBP":3,"earliestYearCE":1947,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Akun"},{"NOAASiteId":"53020","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["51.6427","178.7488"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"178.7488","maxElevationMeters":"-20","minElevationMeters":"-20","northernmostLatitude":"51.6427","southernmostLatitude":"51.6427","westernmostLongitude":"178.7488"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Alaska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21220","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011/halfar2011.txt","linkText":"halfar2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"growth increment width of coralline red algae species","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coralline algae>Clathromorphum sp.>Clathromorphum nereostratum","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011/halfar2011.xls","linkText":"halfar2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"AM-KR-70-A","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1783,"earliestYearBP":167,"earliestYearCE":1783,"mostRecentYear":1968,"mostRecentYearBP":-18,"mostRecentYearCE":1968,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Amchitka"},{"NOAASiteId":"53021","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["51.8292","178.2517"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"178.2517","maxElevationMeters":"-10","minElevationMeters":"-10","northernmostLatitude":"51.8292","southernmostLatitude":"51.8292","westernmostLongitude":"178.2517"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Alaska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21222","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011/halfar2011.txt","linkText":"halfar2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"growth increment width of coralline red algae species","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coralline algae>Clathromorphum sp.>Clathromorphum nereostratum","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011/halfar2011.xls","linkText":"halfar2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"08-06-18","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1988,"earliestYearBP":-38,"earliestYearCE":1988,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Ogliuga"},{"NOAASiteId":"53022","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["52.7965","173.1799"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"173.1799","maxElevationMeters":"-10","minElevationMeters":"-10","northernmostLatitude":"52.7965","southernmostLatitude":"52.7965","westernmostLongitude":"173.1799"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Alaska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21221","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011/halfar2011.txt","linkText":"halfar2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"growth increment width of coralline red algae species","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coralline algae>Clathromorphum sp.>Clathromorphum nereostratum","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011/halfar2011.xls","linkText":"halfar2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"11-4","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1877,"earliestYearBP":73,"earliestYearCE":1877,"mostRecentYear":2003,"mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Attu"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Aleutian Islands 225 Year Coralline Algae Growth Increment Data ","studyNotes":"225 year growth chronology of the coralline alga Clathromorphum nereostratum, \nderived from 29 samples collected off the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. \nC. nereostratum is a long-lived, shallow-marine crustose coralline algae. \nThe 225 yr growth-increment width composite chronology was derived from 29 \ndigitally imaged thick sections of coralline algae ranging from 15 to 185 yr \nin ontogenetic age, collected live along a 1500 km longitudinal transect \nspanning the entire Aleutian Islands. The composite chronology was constructed \nby normalizing time series to unit variance and averaging of the individual \nrecords. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10949"}