{"NOAAStudyId":"12895","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-04-05","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-12895.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":5391,"earliestYearCE":-3441,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-12895","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"European Union","fundingGrant":"FP6 Marie Curie Outgoing Fellowship"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"NSF/OPP 03-38137"}],"investigators":"Bertrand, S.; Hughen, K.A.; Lamy, F.; Stuut, J.-B.W.; Torrejón, F.; Lange, C.B.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12895","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Glaciers are frequently used as indicators of climate change. \r\nHowever, the link between past glacier fluctuations and climate \r\nvariability is still highly debated. Here, we investigate the \r\nmid- to late-Holocene fluctuations of Gualas Glacier, one of \r\nthe northernmost outlet glaciers of the Northern Patagonian \r\nIcefield, using a multi-proxy sedimentological and geochemical \r\nanalysis of a 15m long fjord sediment core from Golfo Elefantes, \r\nChile, and historical documents from early Spanish explorers. \r\nOur results show that the core can be sub-divided into three \r\nmain lithological units that were deposited under very different \r\nhydrodynamic conditions. Between 5400 and 4180 cal yr BP and after \r\n750 cal yr BP, sedimentation in Golfo Elefantes was characterized \r\nby the rapid deposition of fine silt, most likely transported by \r\nfluvio-glacial processes. By contrast, the sediment deposited \r\nbetween 4130 and 850 cal yr BP is composed of poorly sorted sand \r\nthat is free of shells. This interval is particularly marked \r\nby high magnetic susceptibility values and Zr concentrations, \r\nand likely reflects a major advance of Gualas glacier towards \r\nGolfo Elefantes during the Neoglaciation. Several thin silt \r\nlayers observed in the upper part of the core are interpreted \r\nas secondary fluctuations of Gualas glacier during the Little \r\nIce Age, in agreement with historical and dendrochronological \r\ndata. Our interpretation of the Golfo Elefantes glaciomarine \r\nsediment record in terms of fluctuations of Gualas glacier \r\nis in excellent agreement with the glacier chronology proposed \r\nfor the Southern Patagonian Icefield, which is based on \r\nterrestrial (moraine) deposits. By comparing our results \r\nwith independent proxy records of precipitation and sea surface \r\ntemperature, we suggest that the fluctuations of Gualas glacier \r\nduring the last 5400 yr were mainly driven by changes in \r\nprecipitation in the North Patagonian Andes. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Bertrand, S., K.A. Hughen, F. Lamy, J.-B.W. Stuut, F. Torrejón, \r\nand C.B. Lange. 2012. \r\nPrecipitation as the main driver of Neoglacial fluctuations \r\nof Gualas glacier, Northern Patagonian Icefield. \r\nClimate of the Past, Vol. 8, pp. 519-534. \r\nwww.clim-past.net/8/519/2012/ \r\ndoi:10.5194/cp-8-519-2012 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-8-519-2012","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-519-2012"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Precipitation as the main driver of Neoglacial fluctuations  of Gualas glacier, Northern Patagonian Icefield","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53027","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-46.449","-73.798"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-73.798","maxElevationMeters":"-129","minElevationMeters":"-129","northernmostLatitude":"-46.449","southernmostLatitude":"-46.449","westernmostLongitude":"-73.798"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21231","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>magnetic susceptibility","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bertrand2012/bertrand2012.txt","linkText":"bertrand2012.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size parameter>grain size mean"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class>sand"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class>silt"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class>clay"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"x10-6 units","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"magnetic susceptibility measurement","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless (SI system)","cvWhat":"magnetic property>magnetic moments>magnetic susceptibility"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>zirconium/aluminum"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>silicon/aluminum"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per second","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or single-element molecule>zirconium"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>magnetic susceptibility","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bertrand2012/bertrand2012.xls","linkText":"bertrand2012.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"JPC14","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":5391,"earliestYearBP":5391,"earliestYearCE":-3441,"mostRecentYear":-57,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"JPC14"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Golfo Elefantes, Chile 5400 Year Glaciomarine Sediment Data ","studyNotes":"Sedimentological and geochemical data obtained on sediment core \nJPC14, collected in Golfo Elefantes, Chile, during cruise NBP0505. \nThe data include magnetic susceptibility (Bartington MS2E point sensor), \ngrain-size of the lithogenic fraction, Zr/Al and Si/Al (ICP-AES \nmeasurements), and Zr XRF core scanner counts (ITRAX core scanner). \nThese data are used to reconstruct the fluctuations of Gualas Glacier \n(Northern Patagonian Icefield) during the last 5400 years. \n\nCore JPC14, Golfo Elefantes, Northern Chilean Patagonia: \n46.449°S, 73.798°W, 129m water depth","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10959"}