{"NOAAStudyId":"12916","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-05-21","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-12916.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":27090,"earliestYearCE":-25140,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-12916","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"NSF-ESH-0639640 and OCE-0317702"},{"fundingAgency":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology","fundingGrant":"Kyosei-7"}],"investigators":"Pahnke, K.; Sachs, J.P.; Keigwin, L.D.; Timmermann, A.; Xie, S.-P.","mostRecentYearBP":-30,"mostRecentYearCE":1980,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12916","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The tropical Pacific plays a central role in the climate system \r\nby providing large diabatic heating that drives the global \r\natmospheric circulation. Quantifying the role of the tropics \r\nin late Pleistocene climate change has been hampered by the paucity \r\nof paleoclimate records from this region and the lack of realistic \r\ntransient climate model simulations covering this period. Here we \r\npresent records of hydrogen isotope ratios (dD) of alkenones from \r\nthe Panama Basin off the Colombian coast that document hydrologic \r\nchanges in equatorial South America and the eastern tropical Pacific \r\nover the past 27,000 years (a) and the past 3 centuries in detail. \r\nComparison of alkenone dD values with instrumental records of \r\nprecipitation over the past ~100 a suggests that dD can be used \r\nas a hydrologic proxy. On long timescales our records indicate \r\nreduced rainfall during the last glacial period that can be explained \r\nby a southward shift of the mean position of the Intertropical \r\nConvergence Zone and an associated reduction of Pacific moisture \r\ntransport into Colombia. Precipitation increases at ~17 ka \r\nin concert with sea surface temperature (SST) cooling in the North \r\nAtlantic and the eastern tropical Pacific. A regional coupled model, \r\nforced by negative SST anomalies in the Caribbean, simulates an \r\nintensification of northeasterly trade winds across Central America, \r\nincreased evaporative cooling, and a band of increased rainfall \r\nin the northeastern tropical Pacific. These results are consistent \r\nwith the alkenone SST and dD reconstructions that suggest increasing \r\nprecipitation and SST cooling at the time of Heinrich event 1. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Pahnke, K., J.P. Sachs, L. Keigwin, A. Timmermann, and S.-P. Xie. 2007. \r\nEastern tropical Pacific hydrologic changes during the past 27,000 \r\nyears from D/H ratios in alkenones. \r\nPaleoceanography, Vol. 22, PA4214, 15 PP. \r\ndoi:10.1029/2007PA001468 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2007PA001468","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001468"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Eastern tropical Pacific hydrologic changes during the past 27,000  years from D/H ratios in alkenones","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["hydrology"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53048","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["4.6665","-77.9633"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-77.9633","maxElevationMeters":"-2200","minElevationMeters":"-2200","northernmostLatitude":"4.6665","southernmostLatitude":"4.6665","westernmostLongitude":"-77.9633"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21258","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/pahnke2007/pahnke2007.txt","linkText":"pahnke2007.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface 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Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21259","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/pahnke2007/pahnke2007.txt","linkText":"pahnke2007.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>ketone>alkenone","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>ketone>alkenone","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen 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Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21260","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/pahnke2007/pahnke2007.txt","linkText":"pahnke2007.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>ketone>alkenone","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>ketone>alkenone","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 2H"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"parts per million","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>ketone>alkenone"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/pahnke2007/pahnke2007.xls","linkText":"pahnke2007.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"KN176-2-MC33","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":399,"earliestYearBP":399,"earliestYearCE":1551,"mostRecentYear":5,"mostRecentYearBP":5,"mostRecentYearCE":1945,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"KN176-2-MC33"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Panama Basin 27,000 Year Alkenone dD Data","studyNotes":"Hydrogen isotope ratios (dD) of alkenones from 3 cores collected \nin the Panama Basin in the eastern tropical Pacific for the past \n27,000 years. Alkenone dD values document hydrologic changes in \nequatorial South America and the eastern tropical Pacific. \nAlkenone SST's calculated using the calibration of Prahl et al., \nGCA 1988.\n\ncore locations: \nKN176-2 JPC32: 4°39.99N, 77°57.80W, 2200m water depth \nKN176-2 MC14:  4°50.81N, 77°36.85W,  884m water depth \nKN176-2 MC33:  4°39.99N, 77°57.80W, 2200m water depth \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10981"}