{"NOAAStudyId":"12945","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-05-23","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-12945.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":79,"earliestYearCE":1871,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-12945","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences","fundingGrant":"Gr-7004"},{"fundingAgency":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Alexander von Humboldt Foundation","fundingGrant":"Feodor Lynen Fellowship"}],"investigators":"Halfar, J.; Hetzinger, S.; Adey, W.; Zack, T.; Gamboa, G.; Kunz, B.; Williams, B.; Jacob, D.E.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12945","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Over the past decade coralline algae have increasingly been used \r\nas archives of paleoclimate information. Encrusting coralline algae, \r\nwhich deposit annual growth increments in a high Mg-calcite skeleton, \r\nare amongst the longest-lived shallow marine organisms. In fact, \r\na live-collected plant has recently been shown to have lived for \r\nat least 850 years based on radiometric dating. While a number of \r\ninvestigations have successfully used geochemical information of \r\ncoralline algal skeletons to reconstruct sea surface temperatures, \r\nless attention has been paid to employ growth increment widths \r\nas a temperature proxy. Here we explore the relationship between \r\ngrowth and environmental parameters in Clathromorphum compactum \r\ncollected in the subarctic Northwestern Atlantic. Results indicate \r\nthat growth-increment widths of individual plants are poorly \r\ncorrelated with instrumental sea surface temperatures (SST). \r\nHowever, an averaged record of multiple growth increment-width \r\ntime series from a regional network of C. compactum specimens \r\nup to 800 km apart reveals strong correlations with annual \r\ninstrumental SST since 1950. Hence, similar to methods applied \r\nin dendrochronology, averaging of multiple sclerochronological \r\nrecords of coralline algae provides accurate climate information. \r\nA 115-year growth-increment width master chronology created from \r\nmodern-collected and museum specimens is highly correlated to \r\nmultidecadal variability seen in North Atlantic sea surface \r\ntemperatures. Positive changes in algal growth anomalies record \r\nthe well-documented regime shift and warming in the northwestern \r\nAtlantic during the 1990s. Large positive changes in algal growth \r\nanomalies were also present in the 1920s and 1930s, indicating \r\nthat the impact of a concurrent large-scale regime shift throughout \r\nthe North Atlantic was more strongly felt in the subarctic \r\nNorthwestern Atlantic than previously thought, and may have \r\neven exceeded the 1990s event with respect to the magnitude \r\nof the warming. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Halfar, J., S. Hetzinger, W. Adey, T. Zack, G. Gamboa, B. Kunz, \r\nB. Williams, and D.E. Jacob. 2011. \r\nCoralline algal growth-increment widths archive North Atlantic \r\nclimate variability. \r\nPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, \r\nVol. 302, Issues 1-2, March 2011, pp. 71-80. \r\ndoi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.04.009","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.04.009","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.04.009"},"issue":null,"journal":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Coralline algal growth-increment widths archive North Atlantic  climate variability","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53059","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["47.3083","-52.7892"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-52.7892","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"47.3083","southernmostLatitude":"47.3083","westernmostLongitude":"-52.7892"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22408","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011b/halfar2011b.txt","linkText":"halfar2011b.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"growth increment width of coralline red algae species","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coralline algae>Clathromorphum sp.>Clathromorphum nereostratum","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011b/halfar2011b.xls","linkText":"halfar2011b.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"SJ28-L1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1933,"earliestYearBP":17,"earliestYearCE":1933,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Bay Bulls"},{"NOAASiteId":"53060","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["51.5856","-55.4248"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-55.4248","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"51.5856","southernmostLatitude":"51.5856","westernmostLongitude":"-55.4248"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22409","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011b/halfar2011b.txt","linkText":"halfar2011b.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"growth increment width of coralline red algae species","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coralline algae>Clathromorphum sp.>Clathromorphum nereostratum","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011b/halfar2011b.xls","linkText":"halfar2011b.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"QP4-4-L1","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1941,"earliestYearBP":9,"earliestYearCE":1941,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Quirpon Island"},{"NOAASiteId":"53061","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["50.195","-60.0133"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-60.0133","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"50.195","southernmostLatitude":"50.195","westernmostLongitude":"-60.0133"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22412","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011b/halfar2011b.txt","linkText":"halfar2011b.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"growth increment width of coralline red algae species","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coralline algae>Clathromorphum sp.>Clathromorphum nereostratum","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011b/halfar2011b.xls","linkText":"halfar2011b.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"64-27-C","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1893,"earliestYearBP":57,"earliestYearCE":1893,"mostRecentYear":1963,"mostRecentYearBP":-13,"mostRecentYearCE":1963,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Outer Wapitagun Island"},{"NOAASiteId":"53062","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["50.025","-55.8833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-55.8833","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"50.025","southernmostLatitude":"50.025","westernmostLongitude":"-55.8833"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22410","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011b/halfar2011b.txt","linkText":"halfar2011b.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"growth increment width of coralline red algae species","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coralline algae>Clathromorphum sp.>Clathromorphum nereostratum","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011b/halfar2011b.xls","linkText":"halfar2011b.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"170176","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1871,"earliestYearBP":79,"earliestYearCE":1871,"mostRecentYear":1963,"mostRecentYearBP":-13,"mostRecentYearCE":1963,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Cape St. Martin"},{"NOAASiteId":"53063","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["50.2733","-62.8"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-62.8","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"50.2733","southernmostLatitude":"50.2733","westernmostLongitude":"-62.8"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22411","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011b/halfar2011b.txt","linkText":"halfar2011b.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"growth increment width of coralline red algae species","cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coralline algae>Clathromorphum sp.>Clathromorphum nereostratum","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011b/halfar2011b.xls","linkText":"halfar2011b.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"64-22-H","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1872,"earliestYearBP":78,"earliestYearCE":1872,"mostRecentYear":1963,"mostRecentYearBP":-13,"mostRecentYearCE":1963,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Ile Longue"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Northwest Atlantic 115 Year Coralline Algae Growth Increment Data ","studyNotes":"115 year growth increment chronology of the massive coralline alga \nClathromorphum compactum from the Northwest Atlantic. A network of \nmodern-collected and museum specimens from the shelf regions of \nNewfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, were used to \ndevelop a 115-year annual-resolution growth-increment width \nmaster chronology. \n\n\nTable 1\nCorrelation coefficients and significance levels of annually resolved C. compactum growth time series\nfrom the Northwest Atlantic, Canada. Note that correlations improve when two transects within\nthe same sample are averaged (e.g. SJ28-L1+2), and when averaging all transects (Master).\nCorrelation coefficients (r) and significance levels (p) from 1950 to end of record with annually\naveraged ERSSTJul-Sept (Smith et al., 2008); n = number of years used in correlation.\n\n                                                                                                 AnnualGrowth(um)\nSample       Site                      Location           Lat. N       Long. W      Period         Average    1SD       r       p         n\nSJ28-L1      Bay Bulls, St. Johns      Newfoundland       47°18.496'   52°47.354'   1933-2007        276       44     0.13    0.333       58\nSJ28-L2      Bay Bulls, St. Johns      Newfoundland       47°18.496'   52°47.354'   1920-2007        251       39     0.19    0.155       58\nSJ21-L2      Bay Bulls, St. Johns      Newfoundland       47°18.496'   52°47.354'   1914-2007        335       80     0.26    0.044       58\nQP4-4-L1     Quirpon Island            Newfoundland       51°35.135'   55°25.490'   1941-2007        303       75     0.34    0.009       58\nQP4-4-L2     Quirpon Island            Newfoundland       51°35.135'   55°25.490'   1941-2007        335       77     0.28    0.036       58\nQP4-3-L1     Quirpon Island            Newfoundland       51°35.135'   55°25.490'   1933-2007        326      105      0.2    0.133       58\nQP4-3-L2     Quirpon Island            Newfoundland       51°35.135'   55°25.490'   1941-2007        358      114      0.2    0.127       58\n170176       Cape St. Martin           Newfoundland       50°1.5'      55°53'       1871-1963        298       84     0.09    0.761       14\n64-27-C      Outer Wapitagun Island    Gulf St. Lawrence  50°11.7'     60°0.8'      1893-1963        265       73     0.07    0.824       14\n64-22-H      Ile Longue, Quetachu Bay  Gulf St. Lawrence  50°16.4'     62°48'       1872-1963        220       65     0.15    0.606       14\nSJ28-L1+2    Bay Bulls, St. Johns      Newfoundland       47°18.496'   52°47.354'   1920-2007        264       42     0.23    0.076       58\nQP4-4-L1+2   Quirpon Island            Newfoundland       51°35.135'   55°25.490'   1941-2007        319       76     0.38    0.003       58\nQP4-3-L1+2   Quirpon Island            Newfoundland       51°35.135'   55°25.490'   1933-2007        342      110     0.27    0.037       58\nMaster All Sites                                                                    1893-2007        296       43     0.48   0.0001       58\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10987"}