{"NOAAStudyId":"13034","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-06-21","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-13034.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1275,"earliestYearCE":675,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-13034","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Leverhulme Trust","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":"017008"}],"investigators":"Wanamaker, A.D.; Butler, P.G.; Scourse, J.D.; Heinemeier, J.; Eiríksson, J.; Knudsen, K.L.; Richardson, C.A.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13034","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Despite numerous investigations, the dynamical origins of the Medieval \r\nClimate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age remain uncertain. A major \r\nunresolved issue relating to internal climate dynamics is the mode \r\nand tempo of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability, \r\nand the significance of decadal-to-centennial scale changes in Atlantic \r\nmeridional overturning circulation strength in regulating the climate \r\nof the last millennium. Here we use the time-constrained high-resolution \r\nlocal radiocarbon reservoir age offset derived from an absolutely dated \r\nannually resolved shell chronology spanning the past 1,350 years, \r\nto reconstruct changes in surface ocean circulation and climate. \r\nThe water mass tracer data presented here from the North Icelandic \r\nshelf, combined with previously published data from the Arctic \r\nand subtropical Atlantic, show that surface Atlantic meridional \r\noverturning circulation dynamics likely amplified the relatively warm \r\nconditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the relatively cool \r\nconditions during the Little Ice Age within the North Atlantic sector. \r\n\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Wanamaker, A.D., P.G. Butler, J.D. Scourse, J. Heinemeier, \r\nJ. Eiríksson, K.L. Knudsen, and C.A. Richardson. 2012. \r\nSurface changes in the North Atlantic meridional overturning \r\ncirculation during the last millennium. \r\nNature Communications, Published 12 Jun 2012. \r\nDOI: 10.1038/ncomms1901","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ncomms1901","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1901"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Communications","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Surface changes in the North Atlantic meridional overturning  circulation during the last millennium","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)","Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)","Little Ice Age (LIA)"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53112","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["66.5265","-18.1957"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-18.1957","maxElevationMeters":"-82","minElevationMeters":"-82","northernmostLatitude":"66.5265","southernmostLatitude":"66.5265","westernmostLongitude":"-18.1957"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22488","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/wanamaker2012/wanamaker2012.txt","linkText":"wanamaker2012.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Arctica islandica","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>bivalve","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Arctica islandica","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>bivalve","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/wanamaker2012/wanamaker2012.xls","linkText":"wanamaker2012.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"B05AD03","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":675,"earliestYearBP":1275,"earliestYearCE":675,"mostRecentYear":1950,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Trawl B05AD03"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"North Icelandic Shelf 1350 Year Molusc Radiocarbon Data","studyNotes":"Radiocarbon content of shells of the long-lived marine bivalve \nArctica islandica collected on the North Icelandic shelf. \nThe shells were absolutely dated using crossdating techniques \nderived from dendrochronology, and provide a 1350-year record \nof water mass migration and strength of the Atlantic meridional \noverturning circulation. \n\nShells were collected near the island of Grimsey, North Icelandic \nShelf, at a water depth of 81-83 m from the RV Bjarni Saemundsson \n(Cruise No. B05-2006, trawl B05AD03). \n\nTrawl B05AD03: 66°31.59'N, 18°11.74'W, ~82m water depth. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11076"}