{"NOAAStudyId":"13214","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-08-14","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-13214.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":18378,"earliestYearCE":-16428,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-13214","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation","fundingGrant":"CP-18"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE-0318361 and OCE0903017"}],"investigators":"Williams, C.; Flower, B.P.; Hastings, D.W.","mostRecentYearBP":10731,"mostRecentYearCE":-8781,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13214","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The last deglaciation in the Northern Hemisphere was interrupted \r\nby two major stadials, the so-called \"Mystery Interval\" (17.5-14.5 ka) \r\nand the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.7 ka). During these events, the North \r\nAtlantic region was marked by cold surface conditions, yet simultaneous \r\nglacier and snowline retreat. Rerouting of Laurentide Ice Sheet \r\nmeltwater from the Gulf of Mexico to an eastern or northern spillway \r\nmay have reduced meridional overturning circulation at the onset of \r\nthe Younger Dryas. However, this hypothesis has not been tested for \r\nthe Mystery Interval. Paired Mg/Ca and 18O measurements on foraminifera \r\nfrom laminated Orca Basin sediments in the Gulf of Mexico, constrained \r\nby 35 14C dates, document the timing of meltwater input with \r\nsubcentennial resolution. Isolating the 18O of seawater (termed 18OGOM) \r\nreveals three major melting episodes from ca. 17.5 ka until 12.9 ka, \r\nfollowed by a rapid cessation, consistent with meltwater rerouting \r\nat the onset of the Younger Dryas. Conversely, inferred meltwater \r\nflow to the Gulf of Mexico during the Mystery Interval does not \r\nsupport a simple routing event, but is consistent with glacier \r\nand snowline retreat. We suggest that summer melting of Northern \r\nHemisphere ice sheets during this stadial may have been an important \r\nmechanism for enhanced winter sea-ice formation, hypercold winter \r\nconditions, and enhanced seasonality in the North Atlantic region. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Williams, C., B.P. Flower, and D.W. Hastings. 2012. \r\nSeasonal Laurentide Ice Sheet melting during the \"Mystery Interval\" \r\n(17.5-14.5 ka). \r\nGeology, First published on August 9, 2012. \r\ndoi:10.1130/G33279.1 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/G33279.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G33279.1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Seasonal Laurentide Ice Sheet melting during the \"Mystery Interval\"  (17.5-14.5 ka)","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"36995","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["26.9463","-91.3458"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-91.3458","maxElevationMeters":"-2248","minElevationMeters":"-2248","northernmostLatitude":"26.9463","southernmostLatitude":"26.9463","westernmostLongitude":"-91.3458"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Gulf Of Mexico","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22688","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/williams2012/williams2012.txt","linkText":"williams2012.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"G. ruber white","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"G. ruber white","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"G. ruber white","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice-volume corrected; 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G. ruber pink","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice-volume corrected; G. ruber pink","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice-volume corrected; G. ruber pink","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"using G. ruber pink correction","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber white","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber pink","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber pink","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber white","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/williams2012/williams2012.xls","linkText":"williams2012.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"MD02-2550-2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":18378,"earliestYearBP":18378,"earliestYearCE":-16428,"mostRecentYear":10731,"mostRecentYearBP":10731,"mostRecentYearCE":-8781,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"MD02-2550"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Orca Basin MD02-2550 Deglacial Paired Mg/Ca, d18O, and d18Osw","studyNotes":"High resolution foraminiferal (Globigerinoides ruber) d18OGOM \n(ice-volume corrected d18Osw) data from the Orca Basin, \nin the northern Gulf of Mexico, are used to reconstruct \nLaurentide Ice Sheet meltwater input during the last deglaciation. \n\nCore MD02-2550, Orca Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico: \n26°56.78'N, 91°20.75'W, water depth 2248m","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11256"}