{"NOAAStudyId":"13947","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-03-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-13947.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":244800000,"earliestYearCE":-244798050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-13947","funding":[],"investigators":"Miller, K.G.; Kominz, M.A.; Browning, J.V.; Wright, J.D.; Mountain, G.S.; Katz, M.E.; Sugarman, P.J.; Cramer, B.S. ; Christie-Blick, N.; Pekar, S.F.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13947","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Kominz, M.A., Browning, J.V., Miller, K.G., Sugarman, P.J., Misintseva, S., and Scotese, C.R. 2008. Late Cretaceous to Miocene sea-level estimates from the New Jersey and Delaware coastal plain coreholes: an error analysis. Basin Research, v. 20, p. 211-226.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Basin Research","pages":null,"pubRank":"3","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Late Cretaceous to Miocene sea-level estimates from the New Jersey and Delaware coastal plain coreholes: an error analysis","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Miller, K.G., Mountain, G.S., Wright, J.D., and Browning, J.V. 2011. A 180-million-year record of sea level and ice volume variations from continental margin and deep-sea isotopic records. Oceanography, 24, 40-53. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2011.26.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5670/oceanog.2011.26","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.26"},"issue":null,"journal":"Oceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A 180-million-year record of sea level and ice volume variations from continental margin and deep-sea isotopic records","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":"We review Phanerozoic sea-level changes (543 Ma to present) on various time scales and present a new sea-level record for the last 100 my. Long-term sea level peaked at 100±50 m during the Cretaceous, implying that ocean crust production rates were much lower than previously inferred. Sea level mirrors d18O variations, reflecting ice-volume change on the 10^4-10^6-year scales, but a link between d18O and sea level on the 10^7-year scale must be due to temperature changes that we attribute to tectonically controlled CO2 variations. Sea-level change has influenced phytoplankton evolution, ocean chemistry, and the loci of carbonate, organic carbon, and siliciclastic sediment burial. Over the past 100 my, sea-level changes reflect global climate evolution from a time of ephemeral Antarctic ice sheets (100-33 Ma), through a time of large ice sheets primarily in Antarctica (33-2.5 Ma), to a world with large Antarctic and large, variable Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (2.5-0 Ma).","author":null,"citation":"Miller, K.G., Kominz, M.A., Browning, J.V., Wright, J.D., Mountain, G.S., Katz, M.E., Sugarman, P.J., Cramer, B.S., Christie-Blick, N., and Pekar, S.F. 2005. The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change. Science, 310, 1293-1298. doi:10.1126/science.1116412.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1116412","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1116412"},"issue":null,"journal":"Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2005,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["sea level"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54554","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["39.948","-74.883"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-74.883","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"39.948","southernmostLatitude":"39.948","westernmostLongitude":"-74.883"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"23623","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller2005-backstrip.txt","linkText":"miller2005-backstrip.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"backstripped; meters above modern sea level","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>sea level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"backstripped w/ estimated lowstand; meters above modern sea level","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>sea level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Berggren et al. (1995) time scale","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein et al. 2012)","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls","linkText":"miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"ODP150X-backstrip","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":98400000,"earliestYearBP":98400000,"earliestYearCE":-98398050,"mostRecentYear":7500000,"mostRecentYearBP":7500000,"mostRecentYearCE":-7498050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"23626","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller2005-haq87.txt","linkText":"miller2005-haq87.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Berggren et al. (1995) time scale","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein et al. 2012)","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls","linkText":"miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"ODP150X-Haq87","dataTableNotes":"Data from Haq et al. (1987) paper.","earliestYear":244800000,"earliestYearBP":244800000,"earliestYearCE":-244798050,"mostRecentYear":150000,"mostRecentYearBP":150000,"mostRecentYearCE":-148050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"23657","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller2005-kominz08.txt","linkText":"miller2005-kominz08.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"backstripped; Backstripped sea level estimates including “guesstimated” lowstands after Kominz et al. (2008) using the Berggren et al. (1995) times scale (BKSA95).  Also provides an update to the 2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein et al., 2012); meters above modern sea level\"","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>sea level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"backstripped w/ estimated lowstand; Backstripped sea level estimates including “guesstimated” lowstands after Kominz et al. (2008) using the Berggren et al. (1995) times scale (BKSA95).  Also provides an update to the 2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein et al., 2012); meters above modern sea level\"","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>sea level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Berggren et al. (1995) time scale","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein et al.","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls","linkText":"miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Miller05-Kominz08","dataTableNotes":"Backstripped sea level estimates including “guesstimated” lowstands after Kominz et al. (2008) using the Berggren et al. (1995) times scale (BKSA95).  Also provides an update to the 2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein et al., 2012).","earliestYear":108000000,"earliestYearBP":108000000,"earliestYearCE":-107998050,"mostRecentYear":9700000,"mostRecentYearBP":9700000,"mostRecentYearCE":-9698050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"23658","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller2005-benthic.txt","linkText":"miller2005-benthic.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from delta 18O; meters above modern sea level","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>sea level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from delta 18O","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls","linkText":"miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"ODP150X-benthic","dataTableNotes":"Sea-level record for the past 9 Myr generated from benthic foraminiferal d18O from 846 (0-6.136 Ma; equatorial Pacific; Shackleton, et al., 1995) and 982 (6.139 to 9 Ma; northern North Atlantic; Hodell, et al., 2001).  Records were spliced to create a high-resolution d18O composite record with a sample resolution of 3 kyr for the late Miocene to present. Though they are located in different deep-water masses, the records yield similar values across the splice. The pre-late Pliocene 18O record has average values (2.9‰) that are 0.5‰ lower than modern (3.4‰). Ice volumes during the late Miocene to early Pliocene were similar to the modern (Marchant, et al.,1993), indicating that this long-term d18O offset reflects deep-water temperatures that were warmer relative to the modern. Thus, we incrementally added 0.5‰ to the values older than 3.5 Ma as a linear function from 2.5 to 3.5 Ma. We converted the adjusted d18O composite record to a sea-level estimate (Fig. 2) by scaling to a calibration of 0.1‰/10 m. Our initial sea-level and d18O estimates showed a change from the last glacial maximum to modern changes of 1.5‰; this change has been calibrated in Barbados as 1.2‰. The difference is due to glacial-interglacial deep-sea temperature changes of ~2°C. We scaled the sea-level curve by 0.8 to account for this difference.","earliestYear":9250000,"earliestYearBP":9250000,"earliestYearCE":-9248050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"23660","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller2011.txt","linkText":"miller2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from benthic foraminiferal delta 18O; meters above modern sea level","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>sea level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls","linkText":"miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Miller05-2011","dataTableNotes":"After Miller et al. (2011): Sea-level record for the past 9 Myr generated from benthic foraminiferal d18O using the Liseicki and Raymo (2004) stack to 5.2 Ma and Site 982 from 5.25 to 9 Ma record (Hodell et al., 2001; Andersson and Jansen, 2003). Miller et al. (2011) scaled assuming 67% ice volume and 33% temperature and account for long-term temperature changes by incrementing a 2°C temperature increase between and 2.5 and 3.5 Ma.","earliestYear":9000000,"earliestYearBP":9000000,"earliestYearCE":-8998050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"ODP150X"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change for last 100 Ma","studyNotes":"Sea level curves derived from ODP drilling and backstripping.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11946"}