{"NOAAStudyId":"14169","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-03-20","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-14169.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":8000,"earliestYearCE":-6050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-14169","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ARC-0612384, ARC-0612473, ARC-0612493, ODP-0525881 "},{"fundingAgency":"US Coast Guard","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Ortiz, J.D. ; Polyak, L.; Darby, D.","mostRecentYearBP":2000,"mostRecentYearCE":-50,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14169","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Sediment clay and silt mineral assemblages provide an excellent means of assessing the provenance of fine-grained Arctic sediment especially when a unique mineral assemblage can be tied to specific source areas. The diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR) first derivative measurements and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction (qXRD) on a high-resolution sediment core from the continental slope north of Alaska constrain the sediment mineralogy. DSR results are augmented by measurements on several adjacent cores and compared to surface sediment samples from the northern Alaskan shelf and slope. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we infer that the three leading DSR modes relate to mixtures of smectite + dolomite, illite + goethite, and chlorite + muscovite. This interpretation is consistent with the down core qXRD results. While the smectite + dolomite, and illite + goethite factors show increased variability down core, the chlorite + muscovite factor had highest positive loadings in the middle Holocene, between ca. 6.0 and 3.6 ka. Because the most likely source of the chlorite + muscovite suite in this vicinity lies in the North Pacific, we argue that the oscillations in chlorite + muscovite values likely reflect an increase in the inflow of Pacific water to the Arctic through the Bering Strait. The time interval of this event is associated in other parts of the globe with a non-linear response of the climate system to the decrease in insolation, which may be related to changes in water exchange between the Pacific and Arctic Ocean.","author":null,"citation":"Joseph D. Ortiz, Leonid Polyak, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Dennis Darby, Dennis D. Eberl, Sathy Naidu, Doron Nof. 2009. \r\nProvenance of Holocene sediment on the Chukchi-Alaskan margin based on combined diffuse spectral reflectance and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction analysis. \r\nGlobal and Planetary Change, Vol. 68, Issues 1-2, pp. 73-84. \r\nDOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.03.020","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.03.020","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.03.020"},"issue":null,"journal":"Global and Planetary Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Provenance of Holocene sediment on the Chukchi-Alaskan margin based on combined diffuse spectral reflectance and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction analysis","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Darby, D.A., J. Ortiz, L. Polyak, S. Lund, M. Jakobsson, R.A. Woodgate. 2009. The role of currents and sea ice in both slowly deposited central Arctic and rapidly deposited Chukchi-Alaskan margin sediments. \r\nGlobal and Planetary Change, Vol. 68, Issues 1-2, pp. 58-72.\r\nDOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.02.007","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.02.007","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.02.007"},"issue":null,"journal":"Global and Planetary Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The role of currents and sea ice in both slowly deposited central Arctic and rapidly deposited Chukchi-Alaskan margin sediments","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Arctic"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54689","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["72.905244","-158.42049"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-158.42049","maxElevationMeters":"-1163","minElevationMeters":"-1163","northernmostLatitude":"72.905244","southernmostLatitude":"72.905244","westernmostLongitude":"-158.42049"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Arctic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24056","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/hotrax/KSU_HOTRAX_Malvern_Grainsize.xls","linkText":"KSU_HOTRAX_Malvern_Grainsize.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>physical 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BP"}],"siteName":"HLY05-01-08TC"},{"NOAASiteId":"54692","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["78.2938","-176.98615"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-176.98615","maxElevationMeters":"-800","minElevationMeters":"-800","northernmostLatitude":"78.2938","southernmostLatitude":"78.2938","westernmostLongitude":"-176.98615"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Arctic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24055","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/hotrax/KSU_HOTRAX_XRF_element.xlsx","linkText":"KSU_HOTRAX_XRF_element.xlsx","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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particle shape model\nMie theory\nindex of Refraction = quartz\nOpacity =1\n \nHeader information is as follows:expedition name and number core number, core device (TC = trigger core; PC = piston core), \nsection number, depth in core in cm\nThus the header for the HOTRAX Leg 1 expedition sample from Core 7PC section 1, 1 cm is as follows:\nHLY 0501 7JPC 1 1\n\n\nThe reflectance measurements were generated as follows:\nDried sample measured with an ASD labspec Pro FR UV-VIS -NIR analyzer\nSize fraction = <63um\nsample integration = 250 spectra per measurement\nSample size: >250 mg sediment wet filtered onto a 0.4 um GF/F filter, over dired at 60 deg C overnight\nComparison of sample and blank values indicated that the sediment sample was sufficently thick to block absorption of reflectance fom the GF/F filter and thus required no blank correction\n\nReflectance values are stored in files labeled by core name \nsamples are identified by depth in core (columns) and wavelength (rows)\t\n\n\nThe XRF elements measurements were generated as follows:\nMeasurements were conducted at Ohio State University or Kent State University using the Kent State University Innov-X alpha series Handheld XRF scanner\t\nMeasurements were conducted in soils mode with concentration determined by the default Compton scattering mode with a 60-90 second integration time\nmerging standard and light element mode measurements\nAll values are reported as ppm\n \nThe reported values are the raw average value +/- 1 sigma. When the internal variability was greater than 3 sigma, the mean value is reported in the 1-sigma error column and flagged as\nbelow the limit of detection in the raw column.\nValues listed as \"adjusted\" include the best estimate of the